Development a new power management strategy for power split hybrid electric vehicles

Reduction of greenhouse gas emission and fuel consumption as one of the main goals of automotive industry leading to the development hybrid vehicles. The objective of this paper is to investigate the energy management system and control strategies effect on fuel consumption, air pollution and performance of hybrid vehicles in various driving cycles. In order to simulate the hybrid vehicle, the combined feedback–feedforward architecture of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle based on Toyota Prius configuration is modeled, together with necessary dynamic features of subsystem or components in ADVISOR. Multi input fuzzy logic controller developed for energy management controller to improve the fuel economy of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle with contrast to conventional Toyota Prius Hybrid rule-based controller. Then, effects of battery’s initial state of charge, driving cycles and road grade investigated on hybrid vehicle performance to evaluate fuel consumption and pollution emissions. The simulation results represent the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control strategy. Also, results indicate that proposed controller is reduced fuel consumption in real and modal driving cycles about 21% and 6% respectively.     

CO2 efficiency in road freight transportation: Status quo, measures and potential

Road freight transport continues to grow in Germany and generates 6% of the country’s CO₂ emissions. In logistics, many decisions influence the energy efficiency of trucks, but causalities are not well understood. Little work has been done on quantifying the potential for further CO₂ reduction and the effect of specific activities, such as introducing computer assisted scheduling systems to trucking firms. A survey was survey out and linked fuel consumption to transport performance parameters in 50 German haulage companies during 2003. Emission efficiency ranged from 0.8 tonne-km to 26 tonne-km for 1 kg CO₂ emissions. The results show potential for improvements given a low level of vehicle usage and load factor levels, scarce use of lightweight vehicle design, poorly selected vehicles and a high proportion of empty runs. IT-based scheduling systems with telematic application for data communication, positioning and navigation show positive effects on efficiency. Fuel use and transport performance was measured before and after the introduction of these systems.     

The impact of scale on energy intensity in freight transportation

This paper analyzes energy intensities of ships, diesel–fuelled railways, trucks, and aircraft, using publicly available data. The analysis suggests that differences in operation, not technology, explain most of the variation in energy intensity within and across modes. Among the operational characteristics, most important is the amount of cargo weight transported per vehicle and therefore the scale of the respective transportation system. It is found that each mode has a characteristic envelope in an average energy intensity versus average cargo weight diagram, and estimates of the elasticities of energy intensity with respect to load size are made.     

宜万铁路齐岳山隧道629高压充水溶腔处理技术

在齐岳山隧道正洞DK363+629掌子面进行超前水平钻探时,揭示出前方存在一个大型腔体,随后实施超前探测,初步判断了腔体形状,对腔体进行了处理。首先对溶腔进行注浆试验,总计注浆1 613 m3,注浆效果不明显,掌子面停止注浆试验;注浆试验失败后,对DK363+629溶腔进行放水试验,放水量为3 000 m3/h,持续放水共计144 h,水量约43万m3,水压持续在0.2 MPa左右,由于受到外界降雨的影响水压持续上扬,证明腔体具有良好的地表联通性和水量补给持续性,为了保证施工安全停止了放水试验。平导贯通后可采用自然流出法排水,并对腔体采取"释能降压"施工。本次泄水总量约63万m3,水压自0.4 MPa降至0.0 MPa,水量稳定在约1 000 m3/h;随后对腔体实施爆破施工,爆破后采用管道引排的方法在不改变原有水流方向和不影响整体地下水系的情况下顺利通过。     

Comparisons of urban transport sustainability: Lessons from West and North Africa

The diagnosis for urban transport sustainability depends on the context of different regions worldwide. We focus in this paper on West and North Africa which reveal similarities but also structural differences which are explored further. The importance of paratransit in its various forms is strongly observed in sub-Saharan Africa and to a lesser extent in North Africa. The attempts to regulate and organise this sector have been difficult; one interesting experience in Dakar occurred during a programme of fleet renewal. In parallel it is observed that there are positive but insufficient experiences of public transport authorities in some cities (Dakar, Abidjan) and similar projects postponed in other cities because of the institutional problems. One also observes the constant difficulties of designing sustainable schemes for bus companies. An answer to this crisis has been found in North Africa, through investment in new mass transport systems. However, mass transport projects in West Africa are very weak in comparison. The gap between public transport costs and income levels there remains a major obstacle to sustainable mobility exacerbated by the poverty of a significant part of the urban population in West Africa. Two other critical factors are also identified affecting sustainable mobility requirements, namely, the urban sprawl and increasing energy costs. Finally the conclusion recommends the use of research and expertise networks in order to help the design and the implementation of suited solutions.     

功率混合型燃料电池汽车动力系统的恒压式能量分配算法

分析了功率混合型燃料电池汽车动力系统的特征,给出了功率混合型动力系统能量分配算法的实用设计原则,阐述了该型动力系统适用的恒压能量分配方式,并依据提出的设计原则进行了能量分配算法设计。在燃料电池城市客车“清能3号”的应用中,又提出一种分模式控制解决方案。实验证明,所设计的算法能综合考虑动力系统的部件安全性、动力性和经济性,具有一定的应用价值。     

沥青混合料低温抗裂性能研究

以低温弯曲试验为基础,得出沥青混合料破坏能的函数关系。采用Burgers模型作为本构模型,对低温弯曲蠕变试验结果进行非线性分析,得出材料模型的粘弹性参数。通过模拟路面降温条件,采用粘弹性方法以Burgers模型为基础得出温度应力的计算公式,以及温度应力产生的应变能的计算方法,进而以能量为判据,提出将温度应力产生的应变能与沥青混合料的破坏能相比较,从而判断沥青路面是否发生低温开裂的预估方法。     

高速列车及其速度目标值的探讨

根据铁路运输高速化的发展趋势,初步分析了旅行速度、票价、运输管理、高速列车等因素和速度目标值的关系。提出高速列车是影响速度目标值的关键问题。从高速列车的牵引、能耗、制动能力和噪音方面对轮轨方式和磁悬浮方式的高速列车按不同速度目标值进行分析比较。以正在设计中的京沪高速铁路为例,在京沪高速列车运行仿真研究的基础上,按直达方式和沿线停站方式,对不同速度目标值的地面干线运输系统其旅行时间和能耗的经济问题进行简要的计算对比。提出选择我国高速铁路速度目标值的建议。     

地铁车站环境热舒适与通风空调系统节能策略研究进展

我国城市轨道交通方兴未艾,改善候车环境的舒适性、降低地铁的运营能耗是保证地铁事业健康发展的必由之路。通风空调系统对地铁车站环境的舒适状况影响显著,但其能耗占地铁运营总能耗的比例大,有较大的节能潜力可以挖掘。因此,针对国内外关于地铁车站环境舒适性所开展的调查研究进行汇总,指出车站所在地的气象参数、车站结构和新旧程度以及沿进出站路线的环境参数变化幅度都是影响车站舒适性的主要因素。分析总结地铁通风空调系统的设计运营现状及节能研究进展,提出应通过物理过程分析合理建立空调负荷预测模型等,结合历史运行数据进行地铁通风空调系统运行方案的改进优化。     

我国新能源客车发展现状与对策研究

介绍了新能源客车的发展背景,根据动力来源的不同对新能源客车进行了分类,并介绍了国内新能源客车的主要产品,探讨了新能源客车的发展瓶颈并提出相应的对策建议。