Sustainability assessment of inland transportation in China: A triple bottom line-based network DEA approach

The transport sector accounts for nearly one third of the world’s total energy use, while inland transport alone is responsible for half of the global petroleum consumption. The expansion of motorization in newly industrialized economies necessitates setting realistic targets. To support decision-makers in better assessment of transport sustainability performance, we introduce a systematic triple bottom line-based approach to evaluate inland transport, considering social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainability. The proposed network data envelopment analysis (DEA) measure organizes the three components of the system into a parallel structure, allocates shared input across subsystems, and incorporates undesirable output. The empirical application determines the efficiency of regional inland transportation systems in China from 2006 to 2015. The results indicate a rise in overall transport efficiency between China’s 11th and 12th five-year development plan periods and link the economic growth with a decrease in environmental transport efficiency in the Central and Western zones and with a decline in social efficiency in the Eastern zone. Since 2012, the social sustainability remains the weakest component of inland transport, which requires special attention by policy-makers to support vulnerable groups of transport users. This study provides further insight into the investigated measures and proposes recommendations for the improvement of inland transport in China.     

渝长高速公路可持续发展能力分析

随着高速公路的大规模建设,2005年我国高速公路通车里程突破4万km,其在社会经济发展中作用日益凸显,如何保证高速公路持续、稳定的运营,以满足不断增长的交通运输需求就显得尤为重要.应用目标持续性评价的理论方法对渝长高速公路的可持续发展能力进行了分析,有助于确保项目在运营期内提高质量的运输服务.     

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随着社会经济的快速发展，北京市居民出行需求日益增长,机动车辆拥有量也随之迅猛上升。北京市1986年和2000年的居民出行调查结果表明，在过去的15年内，居民交通出行模式发生了变化，公交出行比例比原来略有减少，主要的变化是原来的自行车出行这部分中，有很大一部分转变为机动车出行。本文通过对类似规模的几个国际大都市交通出行结构演变过程的回顾，找出其关键之处在于采用政策策略促使居民出行选择有利于城市可持续发展模式；根据广泛调查和专家资讯，确定了一个北京城市交通出行各种方式的合理比例，作为发展目标；并参考发达国家和一些快速发展的国家和城市的经验，提出了达到这个目标的对策和策略。     

从供给质量及环境持续性的观点来微观分析购物中心布局研究

本研究的目的在于从供给质量及环境持续性的观点来评价一个城市的购物中心的布局。为了分析每一个住宅所亨受到的供给质量及每一个购物中心的环境可持续性，本文以GIS为基础进行了微观分析，在此基础上采用AHP方法从几个可能的布局中选出了最佳的布局方案。本研究提出了评价及优化购物中心布局的方法。     

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为了准确地反映城市交通网络布局、人口分布和职业分布等因素与交通行为之间的相互影响机制,同时考虑到发展中城市交通调查数据的完整性和准确性相对较差,首先建立了一种新的交通需求反馈模型,并对其进行改进,进而形成了一种新型集成模型。通过基于同一套发展中城市交通调查数据对不同模型进行参数标定以及对标定结果进行比较分析,本文得出结论：与被广泛应用的传统四阶段模型相比较,新的反馈和集成模型的标定结果的准确性有了明显提高。随后,根据新型集成模型的标定结果,本文又以富有代表性的发展中城市区域,即印度尼西亚的雅加达首都城市圈作为研究对象,对该区域将来的城市和交通可持续发展政策进行了探究。研究结果表明：随着对城市人口增长的控制、城市道路的建设、公共交通设施的不断完善,多副都心发展模式将成为该地区未来可持续发展的城市形态。     

Container terminal employees’ perceptions of the effects of sustainable supply chain management on sustainability performance

ABSTRACT

Sustainability has become an important issue in container terminal operations. However, relatively little research has been conducted to assess its association with sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). In this study, SSCM consists of internal sustainability practices and external sustainability collaboration. We empirically examined the effects of internal sustainability practices and external sustainability collaboration on sustainability performance in container terminal operations at the Port of Kaohsiung in Taiwan. We developed a model adopting the SSCM construct, which consisted of two dimensions: internal sustainability practices and external sustainability collaboration. Several research hypotheses were formulated from the theory and the hypotheses were tested using survey data collected from 141 employees who worked with container terminals. We found that internal sustainability practices and external sustainability collaboration positively affected sustainability performance, whereas external sustainability collaboration had a positive influence on internal sustainability practices. There is a discussion of the implications of these findings for developing sustainability and improving sustainability performance in container terminals and ports.     

城市轨道交通项目可持续性概念研究

介绍了城市轨道交通项目可持续性的研究现状,阐述了研究的意义,并在分析城市轨道交通项目特点的基础上,对其可持续性概念进行了剖析,重点研究了城市轨道交通项目可持续性的外延、核心、本质特征、内涵和影响因素等内容。     

Optimal transport strategies for European cities

A new procedure for generating optimal transport strategies has been applied in nine European cities. A public sector objective function which reflects concerns over efficiency, environmental impact, finance and sustainability is specified and a set of policy measures with acceptable ranges on each, identified. Optimal strategies based on combinations of these policy measures which generate the optimal value of the objective function, are identified, and compared between cities. Resulting policy recommendations are presented. The results demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach to transport strategy formulation. They emphasise the role of changes in public transport service levels and of fares, and of charges for car use. By contrast, new infrastructure projects are less frequently justified. In the majority of cities the revenues from car use charges are sufficient to finance other elements in the strategy. However, private sector involvement either in initial financing or in operation may be desirable. Revised objective functions to reflect private sector involvement are specified, and optimal strategies with private sector operation of public transport are also identified. The requirement to meet private sector rates of return for public transport operation typically results in lower frequencies and higher fares; charges for car use then need to be raised to satisfy public policy objectives, but system performance is reduced. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Critical mass: forging a politics of sustainable mobility in the information age

Critical Mass, an urban bicycle/sustainability movement, began in San Francisco in 1992 and has spread to more than 100 cities around the world during the past eight years. Featuring organized monthly bicycle rides in specific cities, Critical Mass uses the Internet to sustain local and global actions, combining cyber-communication with face-to-face interactions. Critical Mass aims to shape debates on sustainability and material practices that will contribute to sustainable communities through a celebration of bicycling. We examine the ways in which Critical Mass uses scale to organize for sustainability. We also describe, through a survey of participants and interviews with bicycle advocates, how Critical Mass has been successful in changing people's travel behavior and in legitimizing the efforts of formal advocacy organizations.     

创建"城市轨道交通学"的可行性探究

以目标和问题为导向,从我国城市轨道交通的战略性及复杂性入手,说明靠传统的工程思路解决问题的低效性,以及用新型的系统观念解决问题的有效性,继而在业内首次提出为实现城市轨道交通发展的更高质量、更可持续,有必要创建一门全新的交叉学科"城市轨道交通学"。随后,对创建"城市轨道交通学"的可行性,从国家学科设置管理、创建学科"三要素"及内外部条件进行了全面分析。最后,对城市轨道交通学的知识体系及创建路径,提出了初步设想,并重点论述坚持系统观念作为"城市轨道交通学"的方法论具有其理论合法性和实践合理性。期盼本文关于城市轨道交通学的知识体系及创建路径,能为行业提供一种思考方向。