铁路信息系统安全标准的探讨

分析我国铁路信息系统面临的主要安全威胁,介绍国际和国内重要信息安全标准。针对我国铁路信息系统的特点,提出信息系统安全标准体系框架建议。     

欧洲标准下锚杆拉拔试验方法

结合阿尔及利亚东西高速公路M5标段锚杆挡土墙施工中锚杆试验实践,根据欧洲规范对锚杆吻合性试验和检验试验过程进行了详尽的叙述,对欧洲标准下锚杆拉拔试验工艺有指导意义。     

国内外铁路货车端墙侧压力标准研究与发展(2)

在铁路货车设计中,确定散粒货物对货车端墙和侧墙的侧压力,一直是颇有争议的关键难题之一。如果对端墙的侧压力值及其分布规律认识不清,可能会将端墙设计载荷取得过小,导致因强度不足而影响到货物运输的安全。研究端墙的散粒货物侧压力值及其分布规律,可明确端墙设计载荷,提高货车运用可靠性,尤其在目前货车朝着重载提速方向发展的过程中具有重要的现实意义。在系统介绍俄罗斯、北美、澳大利亚、日本铁路货车侧压力标准研究的情况和演变发展,并总结各阶段货车侧压力相关技术规范特点的基础上,对比分析我国与国外的现行标准的差异,总结侧压力研究规律与趋势,为我国铁路货车侧压力标准研究与修订提供指导和依据。     

探析我国铁路货车焊缝性能评定标准的应用与拓展

介绍我国铁路货车现行的焊缝性能评定标准的执行情况,对比分析焊缝性能评定、焊缝缺陷质量等级和图样标注等方面与新的国家标准的差异,在建议尽快贯彻新的国家标准的同时,结合我国铁路货车设计制造的实际情况,提出可拓展的内容和举措。     

国内外铁路技术标准体系的发展与分析(上)

综合介绍北美铁路协会AAR、国际铁路联盟UIC、铁路合作组织OSJD(ОСЖД)技术标准体系概况及其演变发展历程。对比分析国内、国际、国外主要铁路标准体系的特点。简述国际、国外铁路标准对我国铁路标准的借鉴与参考作用。     

车辆折算系数的分类及算法

提出了标准车的选择原则:车长等于约定的长度;当交通流密度很小时,以道路设计速度行驶;驾驶员遵守交通规则。定义了微观车辆折算系数:交通流全部由标准车组成时的流量与交通流全部由某种车组成时的流量之比。定义了聚类车辆折算系数:组成该类车型的所有自然车的微观折算系数与组成比例的乘积之和。定义了宏观车辆折算系数:组成混合交通流的所有自然车的微观折算系数与组成比例的乘积之和。计算了这三种车辆折算系数。     

基于欧洲规范的板桩码头设计方法简介

基于极限状态设计的欧洲土木工程设计规范Eurocode代表了当前工程设计的最高水平;部分欧洲国家板桩码头设计则直接采用该规范,例如英国海上工事设计规范BS6349。本文介绍了基于BS6349和Eurocode规范的板桩码头设计方法,有助于设计人员理解和使用欧洲板桩规范。     

Railway reforms: do they influence operating efficiency?

This paper considers railway operations in 23 European countries during 1995–2001, where a series of reform initiatives were launched by the European Commission, and analyses whether these reform initiatives improved the efficiency of the railway systems. Efficiency is measured using Multi-directional Efficiency Analysis, which enables investigation of how railway reforms affect the inefficiencies of specific cost drivers. The main findings are that the reform initiatives generally improve technical efficiency but potentially differently for different cost drivers. Specifically, the paper provides empirical evidence that accounting separation is important for improving the efficiency in the use of both material and staff costs, whereas other reforms only influenced one of these factors.

Emission rates of intermodal rail/road and road-only transportation in Europe: A comprehensive simulation study

Intermodal rail/road transportation combines advantages of both modes of transport and is often seen as an effective approach for reducing the environmental impact of freight transportation. This is because it is often expected that rail transportation emits less greenhouse gases than road transportation. However, the actual emissions of both modes of transport depend on various factors like vehicle type, traction type, fuel emission factors, payload utilization, slope profile or traffic conditions. Still, comprehensive experimental results for estimating emission rates from heavy and voluminous goods in large-scale transportation systems are hardly available so far. This study describes an intermodal rail/road network model that covers the majority of European countries. Using this network model, we estimate emission rates with a mesoscopic model within and between the considered countries by conducting a large-scale simulation of road-only transports and intermodal transports. We show that there are high variations of emission rates for both road-only transportation and intermodal rail/road transportation over the different transport relations in Europe. We found that intermodal routing is more eco-friendly than road-only routing for more than 90% of the simulated shipments. Again, this value varies strongly among country pairs.     

高速铁路牵引供电系统关键技术及其标准制定

在概述我国高速铁路牵引供电系统的基础上,分析电力系统匹配、牵引供电系统与高速动车组耦合受流、牵引供电系统雷电防护3方面的技术现状和标准制定情况,并提出相应建议。指出我国应开展高速铁路牵引供电系统关键技术的研究思路,并借鉴国际标准化组织和国际电工委员会在标准制定中的工作方法制定我国高速铁路牵引供电系统标准。