铁道车辆用铸铁制动盘的热疲劳性能评估

自从盘式制动装置问世以来，铁道车辆制动盘的热疲劳一直是个很棘手的问题。为开发对热冲击负荷有高耐热性能的铸铁制动盘，研制出了3种不同成分的候选材料。铸铁的主要化学成分为铁、碳、硅、锰、镍、铬、钼、铜和铝，并测试了其机械性能和热性能；然后用笔者研制出的热疲劳性能测试仪器进行了热疲劳性能的测试。该仪器可测温度范围为20～15...     

Experimental analysis of exhaust gas after treatment system using water scrubbing in a single cylinder diesel engine for diesel and biofuel blends

A low-cost exhaust gas after treatment system called water-scrubbing is attempted in this paper. An emission treatment setup is fabricated, which is installed in the exhaust of the engine. This takes the exhaust gas and sprays water in the exhaust and passes it through the chamber containing silica gel. An attempt is made to investigate experimentally the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine, with and without water injection at the exhaust using diesel fuel (DF), diesel-Karanja oil blend (DKB) and diesel-Jatropha oil blend (DJB). The exhaust gas after treatment system helps to reduce NOx, CO and Particulate matter. The performance of the engine has also been monitored to determine whether the engine has any decrease in performance when the setup is used and it is found that there is no change in the engine performance.     

Thermodynamic,environmental and economic effects of diesel and biodiesel fuels on exhaust emissions and nano-particles of a diesel engine

In this study, diesel (JIS#2) and various biodiesel fuels (BDF20, BDF50, BDF100) are used to operate the diesel engine at 100 Nm, 200 Nm and full load; while the engine speed is 1800 rpm. The system is experimentally studied, and the energy, exergy, sustainability, thermoeconomic and exergoeconomic analyses are performed to the system. The Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer is used to measure the size distribution of engine exhaust particle emissions. Also, the data of the exhaust emissions, soot, particle numbers, fuel consumptions, etc. are measured. It is found that (i) most of the exhaust emissions (except NO_x) are directly proportional to the engine load, (ii) maximum CO₂ and NO_x emissions rates are generally determined for the BDF100 biodiesel fuel; while the minimum ones are calculated for the JIS#2 diesel fuel. On the other hand, the maximum CO and HC emissions rates are generally computed for the JIS#2 diesel fuel; while the minimum ones are found for the BDF100 biodiesel fuel, (iii) fuel consumptions from maximum to minimum are BDF100 > BDF50 > BDF20 > JIS#2 at all of the engine loads, (iv) particle concentration of the JIS#2 diesel fuel is higher than the biodiesel fuels, (v) soot concentrations of the JIS#2, BDF20 and BDF50 fuels are directly proportional to the engine load; while the BDF100 is inversely proportional, (vi) system has better energy and exergy efficiency when the engine is operated with the biodiesel fuels (vii) sustainability of the fuels are BDF100 > BDF50 > BDF20 > JIS#2, (viii) thermoeconomic and exergoeconomic parameters rates from maximum to minimum are JIS#2 > BDF20 > BDF50 > BDF100.     

Brake light cellular automaton model with advanced randomization for traffic breakdown

Traffic breakdown is one of the most important empirical phenomena in traffic flow theory. Unfortunately, it cannot be simulated by many traffic flow models. In order to clarify its mechanism, the new brake light cellular automaton model has been proposed. Comparing with previous brake light models, three different aspects have been considered: (i) drivers tend to take large decelerations if the time gap is smaller than the safe time gap and the leading vehicle’s brake light is on; (ii) the brake light rule is set according to the reality; (iii) the randomization rule is put forward before the acceleration rule to weaken the impact of brake light on driving behaviors. Analyses show that the new model can explain the mechanism of traffic breakdown and the failures of other brake light models. Simulations confirm that all empirical features of traffic breakdown are successfully reproduced. At last, brake light models are calibrated and validated by the I-80 empirical data provided by NGSIM. Results show that the performance of the new model is the best and models in the three-phase theory are not necessarily better than models in the fundamental diagram approach and vice versa, at least for the brake light models.     

动面生锈对低里程制动抖动现象的影响研究

基于某车型持续出现的低里程制动抖动现象的调查研究,分析了该车型出现低里程制动抖动的可能性原因。通过盐雾处理模拟制动盘自然锈蚀过程,并实车路试再现了该车型低里程制动抖动发生过程,提出了制动面生锈不均匀是造成低里程制动抖动的主要原因的结论。     

基于热电技术的发动机排气余热回收

本文介绍了热电技术的基本原理,并以宝马汽车公司的热电发电机为例论述了热电技术在发动机排气余热回收过程中的应用,包括热电发电机的结构设计、系统集成、系统建模、实用效果及发展潜能。     

浅析柴油车尾气管尿素结晶分析及预防措施

针对柴油车SCR系统开发及应用过程中出现的尿素结晶问题展开研究。首先对尿素结晶成分进行特性分析,研究尾气管壁面温度对尿素结晶的影响,并对减少尿素结晶的生成进行探索,结果表明:优化尾气管布置,修正低温下尿素喷射量,提高尾气管壁面温度,可有效减少尿素结晶的生成。     

发动机全可变气门升程技术现状的分析与展望

全可变气门升程技术能实现气门升程的完全连续可变,是解决发动机燃油经济性和排放性二者矛盾的核心技术之一。文章对当前一些具有代表性的发动机全可变气门升程技术进行了分类介绍,并以有关汽车公司推出的典型产品为例,来论述不同全可变气门升程机构,并展望了Multiair技术今后的研究走向。     

柴油机气门与气门座圈摩擦副磨损机理分析

采用台式试验装置模拟内燃机气门与气门座圈的负荷环境和接触条件,通过试验研究了气门与座圈的磨损机理以及气门与座圈磨损的主要影响因素。试验结果表明,气门与座圈的磨损主要来源于气门关闭时的落座冲击和燃烧压力作用下气门在座圈上的滑动,并且与气门的关闭速度、燃烧负荷、气门相对气门座圈的不对中性及气门和座圈的材料选择等工作状态有关。     

双级制动踏板机构性能分析

建立了一种双级制动踏板机构的运动性能、力传动性能和人机工程学分析模型,并根据此模型对两种轿车双级踏板机构性能进行了分析,提出了将双级踏板机构力传动比等效转化为单级踏板机构的计算方法。研究了制动过程中人体各关节运动角的变化,并依据此参数对踏板机构人机工程学进行评价。提出了双级踏板机构初始位置的设计方法,可保证制动踏板实际使用的最大行程点位于踏板总设计行程的中间位置,此时制动踏板比可达最大值。