基于UIC406的移动闭塞模式下越江段列车运行

从信号系统控制列车的角度研究如何减小列车在越江区间的最小追踪间隔问题，以提高长大越江区间线路通过能力。首先，介绍移动闭塞模式下列车通过越江区间的运行方式，信号系统需保证线路正常运营，越江段区间风井之间仅有1列车运行；其次，结合列车运行特点，参考UIC406能力分析方法推算出移动闭塞模式下列车在越江区间内最小追踪间隔的计算模型，得出最小追踪间隔与列车在越江区间中运行速度之间的函数关系；然后，通过对所得的函数进行求导，推算出列车在区间中的最高运行速度、接近速度的取值及对最小追踪间隔的影响，并求得函数的极小值；最后，通过仿真软件验证计算模型的合理性并提出信号控制列车的优化方案。     

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针对现行交通仿真研究中跟驰状态判定的不足之处，本文基于何民等人利用相对速度绝对差随车头时距变化的规律来判定跟驰状态的基础上，通过实测数据深入分析前后车速度的相关系数与车头时距的关系，提出了利用前后车速度的相关系数随车头时距变化的规律来确定车辆跟驰状态的临界值，与以前的方法相比，这一方法考虑的信息更为全面，与现实结合更为紧密，本研究期望能对提高交通微观仿真的精确度、可信度取到一些有益的作用.     

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为了达到有效引导交通流的目的，首先从驾驶心理学的角度将驾驶员对交通标志的识别和对所驾车辆的操作过程分为7个点6个阶段进行研究，在对已有交通标志设置条件进行分析的基础上，得到了交通标志位置设置的依据，然后对驾驶员由城市快速路外侧2车道向外侧1车道的车道转变过程进行了微观分析，在此基础上利用概率论方法，得到了车辆由外侧2车道向外侧1车道汇合时操作行动距离 的理论模型，进而得到了城市快速路出口标志位置设置前置距离D的理论模型，最后通过实例计算得到了城市快速路不同设计车速下出口标志设置的前置距离．     

Documents

Automated short headway urban transportation systems were viewed in the early Seventies as a possible means of effecting radical change in the type of transit service available in cities. However, interest has declined and government‐sponsored efforts in this area have ceased. The decline in interest was accompanied by much debate among the advocates of the various forms of transit. However, it does not appear to reflect the potential merits and limitations of short headway systems as disclosed by analysis.

This paper provides a basis for comparing short headway systems of citywide scale with conventional transit means.

The limitations inherent in rapid rail installations are reviewed and contrasted with the performance of short headway systems. Illustrative, large‐scale guideway configurations for systems operating in the three‐second headway range are defined and levels of service are deduced using simplified heuristic methods. A basis is provided for specification and analysis of systems conforming to realistic spatial and passenger‐movement constraints.

It is concluded that automated transit systems operating in the three‐second headway range remain viable candidates for large‐scale installations.     

Investigating the irregularity of bus routes: highlighting how underlying assumptions of bus models impact the regularity results

A bus route is inherently unstable: when the system is uncontrolled, buses fail to maintain their time‐headways and tend to bunch. Several mathematical bus motion models were proposed to reproduce the bus behavior and assess management strategies. However, no work has established how the choice of a model impacts the irregularity of modeled bus systems, that is, the non‐respect of scheduled headways. Because of this gap, a large body of existing works assumes that the ability of these models to reproduce instability comes only from stochasticity, although the link between stochastic inputs and the level of irregularity remains unknown. Moreover, some recognized phenomena such as a change of travel conditions during a day or delays at signalized intersections are ignored. To address these shortcomings, this paper provides an overview of existing dynamic bus‐focused models and proposes a simple way to classify them. Commonly used deterministic and stochastic models are compared, which allows quantifying the relative influence of stochasticity of each model component on outputs. Moreover, we show that a change in the system equilibrium in a full deterministic system can lead to irregularity. Finally, this paper proposes a refinement of travel time models to account for non‐dynamic signals. In presence of traffic signals, we show that a bus system can be self‐regulated. Especially, these insights could help to calibrate bus model inputs to better reproduce real data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Investigating the impact of stochastic vehicle arrivals to optimal stop spacing and headway for a feeder bus route

Stop spacing and service frequency (i.e., the inverse of headway) are key elements in transit service planning. The trade‐offs between increasing accessibility and reducing travel time, which affect transit system performance, need to be carefully evaluated. The objective of this study is to optimize stop spacing and headway for a feeder bus route, considering the relationship between the variance of inter‐arrival time (VIAT), which yields the minimum total cost (including user and operator costs). A solution algorithm, called successive substitution, is adapted to efficiently search for the optimal solutions. In a numerical example, the developed model is applied to planning a feeder bus route in Newark, New Jersey. The results indicate that the optimal stop spacing should be longer that those suggested by previous studies where the impact of VIAT was ignored. Reducing VIAT via certain operational control strategies (i.e., holding/stop‐skipping, transit signal priority) may shorten stop spacing and improve accessibility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

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由于环形交叉口入口车辆直行和左转的绕行而避免了流线冲突,交织区存在着大量的分流、合流行为,车流运行特性复杂. 通过对环形交叉口交织区的摄像调查,测算并分析在该区域的合流与分流运行行为的速度分布、换道位置分布,合流车与环道上前后车的车头时距分布,以及可插间隙的利用等规律,研究发现环形交叉口交织区运行行为具有以下特性：外环道车速比内环道的车速大,合流车的车速最低;分流行为发生于合流行为之后;当可插间隙增大时,合流车速有增大的趋势;对于较小的可插间隙,通常后车时距大于前车时距;多车道环形交叉口的当量车流的临界间隙小于单车道环形交叉口临界间隙.     

移动闭塞模式下越江区间列车最小追踪间隔研究

分析了越江区间内列车按移动闭塞方式行车的区间最小追踪间隔。探讨了在移动闭塞系统下风井设置与列车最小追踪间隔的关系,根据实际工程牵引计算进行校验。     

道路车间时距分布探讨

在合理分析交通流现象基础上 ,针对车间时距分布特性 ,应用γ分布函数建立适用广泛的车间时距分布模型 ,并利用矩法对其参数进行无偏估计 ,然后 ,讨论模型的几种特殊情况 .最后结合高速公路实际的车间时距观测资料验证该模型的有效性 ,可为交叉口设计、控制及道路通行能力分析提高更为可靠的依据 .     

基于Stackelberg 博弈理论的自主性车道变换模型

本文提出了一种基于Stackelberg 策略的自主式车道变换模型.车道变换是一种 非常复杂的决策过程,很多因素会影响驾驶员做出变换车道的决策.本文关注自主式车道 变换情况,在自主式车道变换中驾驶员希望通过车道变换来得到更好的驾驶环境,例如 更高的速度或者更大的车头时距等.车道变换是一个决策的过程,在这个过程中驾驶员会 权衡诸多的因素并做出决策.在车道变换过程中目标车辆和在目标车道上的后随车辆会 相互产生影响.另外不同的驾驶员有不同的特点,即便在相同的交通环境下也会做出不同 的决策.我们利用Stackelberg 策略理论对驾驶员的车道变换决策行为进行建模,并利用仿 真对所提出的模型进行验证.