津滨轻轨东海路站折返间隔优化分析

描述了天津津滨轻轨东海路站站后折返问题,分析了折返间隔较大产生的原因,提出了缩短折返间隔的方法及解决办法,并对优化后的折返间隔进行了进一步分析,估算了优化后的折返间隔。     

基于相关分析和安全车距的跟驰模型

为精确模拟动力性能各异的车辆之间的跟驰行为,分析了跟驰实验数据和车辆动力性能,采用回归分析法筛选变量,建立新的跟驰模型。根据车辆动力性能与车距修正模型,使模型模拟结果更符合车辆的动力性能,并具有广泛的适用性。模型模拟加速度、速度和位置与实测值之间的相对误差分别为6.0%、0.1%和1.0%,相关系数分别为0.863、0.998和1.000。由此表明模型可精确模拟车辆性能各异与车速和车间距离散性较大的跟驰车队。     

高速公路施工作业区前的车辆合流模型研究

提出基于车头时距分布的合流区段长度计算模型,并对合流模型中的车头时距分布公式的选用以及司机可接受的安全插车间隙进行了讨论和分析。并根据不同的司机可接受的安全插车间隙设计出了不同的合流模型验证方案．用以验证合流模型的实用性。结果表明,插车间隙为3s时,道路的通行能力、司乘人员舒适度、车流、加速度以及车流稳态等方面均能达到最优。     

交叉口左转专用信号灯对车辆延误的影响

近年来，中国大中城市道路主干线交叉口采用了左转专用信号灯，针对这种交叉口提出了一种车辆延误模型，并在上海市的一个典型交叉口上进行了实测验证，并对比分析了车辆按均匀分布和按负二项分布通过停车线的延误结果，将些模型与停车线延误模型及冲突点延误模型进行了对比。分析表明，提出的有左转专用信号灯的交叉口车辆延误模型和相应的计算公式有一定的实用性，左转专用信号灯的采用，可以避免冲突的发生，增大路口通行能力。     

城市轨道交通差异化票价和补贴优化

为研究不同群体，即一般群体和特殊群体(老年人、残疾人、学生)的票价方案和补贴问题，本文考虑不同群体的差异性，以各群体的票价折扣率和列车开行间隔为决策变量，构建基于群体差异化的运营补贴优化模型，以社会福利最大化为目标，优化各群体的票价折扣率、企业的服务水平及政府的补贴额度，确保各群体获得合适的补贴，实现公共交通出行的公平性。综合考虑城市轨道交通运输能力约束、政府财政约束及不同群体票价折扣率约束，设计了基于模拟退火算法的求解算法。以长沙地铁2号线为例，分析比较不同群体的票价折扣率，提出基于列车运行计划的福利票价方案。研究结果表明，一般群体不享受折扣，残疾人4折优惠，老年人2折优惠及学生6折优惠，交通特殊群体的出行比分别提升了1.06%，2.86%及1.94%。政府在实施补贴政策时，可以通过不同群体的票价福利措施和企业的服务水平确定补贴额度。     

Increase of metro line capacity by optimisation of track circuit length and location: In a distance to go system

The signalling system affects the type of service that can be provided on any particular railway line. The aims set when it comes to designing these systems to operate a railway line are: to ensure safety of operation and to ensure flexible and efficient running. When building a line capacity optimisation algorithm, it must reach a compromise solution between two parameters: minimise the interval between trains and keep journey time as low as possible. This paper aims to describe the algorithm developed between METRO DE MADRID and CITEF (Railway Technology Research Centre of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – UPM) that allows the capacity of an underground line equipped with ATP Distance To Go systems to be studied and optimised. This algorithm facilitates the tasks of signalling design and optimisation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modelling waiting time for passengers transferring from rail to buses

This paper develops a mathematical model to calculate the average waiting time for passengers transferring from rail transit to buses based on the statistical analysis of primary data collected in Beijing. An important part of the average waiting time modelling is to analyse the distributions of passenger arrival rates. It is shown that the lognormal and gamma distributions have the best fit for direct transfer and non-direct transfer passengers, respectively. Subsequently, an average waiting time model for transferring passengers is developed based on passenger arrival rate distributions. Furthermore, case studies are conducted for two scenarios with real and estimated data, resulting in relative errors of ?3.69% and ?3.77%, respectively. Finally, the paper analyses the impacts of bus headway, the headway of rail cars, and the proportion of direct transfer passengers on average waiting time.     

Modeling Capacity Reliability of Minor Roads at At-Grade Un-Signalized Intersections for Potential Performance Evaluation

Abstract

Given stochastic features of the demands on both the major road and the minor road at an at-grade un-signalized intersection, the capacity of the minor road is viewed as the vulnerable and critical part impacting on the overall capacity of the intersection. To facilitate the analysis of intersection performance reliability, the capacity reliability of the minor road is defined as the probability that the capacity of the minor road can accommodate a certain traffic demand at a certain degree of saturation. The headway distribution of traffic stream on major road is reflected by three types of distributions, namely, exponential distribution, shifted exponential distribution, and Cowan's M3 distribution. Based on field observations, the volumes on both major roads and minor roads are treated as correlated normal random variables. This paper presents the methods for modeling capacity reliability of the minor road at an at-grade un-signalized priority intersection. A method based on first-order reliability method is used to model the capacity reliability index. As important associated factors of capacity reliability analysis, the methods for modeling and analyzing capacity sensitivity of the minor road and reserve capacity of the priority intersection are also presented. A procedure for evaluating the intersection potential performance using capacity reliability, sensitivity and reserve capacity is developed and demonstrated with a numerical example. Finally, some new findings from the case studies are summarized.     

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了解信号交叉口下游车辆的车头时距分布特征是进行城市道路控制、通行能力计算、交通安全分析等的基础.利用NC200、MC5600对信号交叉口下游不同断面不同车道的车头时距进行调查.采用χ2检验法对信号交叉口下游车辆的车头时距分布进行拟合,得到高峰时段和平峰时段的不同断面、不同车道车头时距分布.研究结果表明:随着高峰时段向平峰时段过渡,以及车辆由交叉口向下游移动,车道的车头时距在移位负指数分布和M3分布之间进行过渡.     

城市轨道交通列车追踪间隔与牵引能耗优化

针对城市轨道交通高峰小时列车密集追踪运行的特点,将降低列车牵引能耗和提升线路通过能力同时作为优化目标,研究列车运行操纵优化问题.给出移动闭塞条件下列车牵引能耗和最小追踪间隔的计算方式,考虑列车安全、正点运行约束,构建双目标优化模型. 结合 ε -约束法,提出一种基于动态规划的搜索算法求解模型.以亦庄线为优化算例,求解得到一组列车最优操纵Pareto解,体现两优化目标之间的均衡关系：列车进站过程采用两次制动操纵策略可有效压缩最小追踪间隔,为弥补两次制动过程额外消耗的运行时间,列车需付出更多的牵引能耗提升进站以前的运行速度以满足正点运行约束.