Examination of factors affecting freeway incident clearance times: a comparison of the generalized F model and several alternative nested models

Traffic incidents are a principal cause of congestion on urban freeways, reducing capacity and creating risks for both involved motorists and incident response personnel. As incident durations increase, the risk of secondary incidents or crashes also becomes problematic. In response to these issues, many road agencies in metropolitan areas have initiated incident management programs aimed at detecting, responding to, and clearing incidents to restore freeways to full capacity as quickly and safely as possible. This study examined those factors that impact the time required by the Michigan Department of Transportation Freeway Courtesy Patrol to clear incidents that occurred on the southeastern Michigan freeway network. These models were developed using traffic flow data, roadway geometry information, and an extensive incident inventory database. A series of parametric hazard duration models were developed, each assuming a different underlying probability distribution for the hazard function. Although each modeling framework provided results that were similar in terms of the direction of factor effects, there was significant variability in terms of the estimated magnitude of these impacts. The generalized F distribution was shown to provide the best fit to the incident clearance time data, and the use of poorer fitting distributions was shown to result in severe over‐estimation or under‐estimation of factor effects. Those factors that were found to impact incident clearance times included the time of day and month when the incident occurred, the geometric and traffic characteristics of the freeway segment, and the characteristics of each incident. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

嵌入式PLC高速脉冲输出的研究与实现

本文介绍了基于C8051F020单片机的嵌入式PLC的高速脉冲输出功能的开发。灵活运用C8051F020内部提供的可编程计数器阵列(PCA)模块实现了PLC高速脉冲输出功能。     

基于电压/频率转换器模拟汽车转速的一种方法

在ECU(电子控制器)仿真测试台的研究中,利用V/F(电压/频率)转换技术解决工控机用定时器8253发出的频率量ECU不能识别与接受的问题。本文对此方案进行了实验,并对实验数据分析处理,最后论证了这一方案的可行性与可靠性。     

闭环控制系统空燃比波动对三效催化剂活性的影响

通过对国外资料的考察分析，论述了空经波动对车用三效催化剂活性的影响，在催化剂与电喷发动机的匹配中，必须考虑催化剂的动态特性。对催化剂的动态性能和静态性能进行了试验对比，并针对不同幅值和频率的空燃比波动对催化剂性能的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明催化剂在动态的性能好于静态；随空燃比叔动幅值的增大，催化剂选择窗口变宽。     

F77船站手柄话机软件模拟器的研制

本文介绍了以VC＋＋6．0为技术平台实现F77船站手柄话机模拟京统的构想、软件的设计思路、编程技术分析和程序流程图。     

智能柴油机曲轴与凸轮转速信号发生器设计

介绍的柴油机曲轴与凸轮轴转速信号发生器采用C8051F310单片机作为中央处理器,结合转速给定采样电路、液晶显示电路、参数存储电路等方便地实现了智能化、高精度、高效率的连续可调的多齿、缺齿转速信号发生,性价比高,使用方便,在ECU开发过程中发挥着重大作用.     

天然气发动机燃气供给系统综述

综述了当前天然气发动机燃气供给系统的作用和组成,分别阐述了该系统内各个主要器件的作用、原理和典型结构,对于不同特点的混合系统、混合器等做出对比,并对空燃比控制策略作了一些叙述.     

TMS320F2808在电动汽车充电机中的应用

以TMS320F2808芯片为控制核心,主电路采用移相全桥电路拓扑结构,设计了一台充电机。文章介绍了其系统原理框图及主要功能的实现。实验表明,此设计是可行的,并简化了系统、降低了成本。     

运营高铁精测网复测线上CPⅡ更新判定指标研究

运营高铁精测网复测的核心与难点是线上CPⅡ的稳定性判定与正确更新。在研究分析高铁规范中CPⅡ复测更新指标的基础上,结合多条运营高铁线路复测工程经验,就相邻点间坐标差之差的相对精度易超限的问题,提出新的CPⅡ复测更新判定标准与指标。采用相邻点复测与原测方位角较差分析、CPⅢ自由网平差检核、F检验法,不同方法识别的不稳定点一致,从不同角度论证新的复测更新标准的合理性。理论和实践证明,新的CPⅡ复测更新指标不仅大大减少了点位更新率,且识别出的不稳定点更符合点位实际变动情况,可为相关规范的修订提供参考。     

Measurement of Swarm Parameters of c-C4F8/CO2 and Its Insulation Characteristics Analysis

In c-C4F8 and c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures, the swarm parameters including ionization coefficient, attachment coefficient and effective ionization coefficient were obtained at the ratio of the electric field strength to the gas density between 150-550 Td by the steady-state Townsend (SST) method. Static breakdown voltages at each ratio were also measured at the SST condition. The limiting field strengths were obtained by two methods:computing the density-normalized effective ionization coefficient as a function of the overall density-reduced electric field strength; and measuring static breakdown voltages as a function of the product of gas density and electrode separation. Good agreement was obtained by these two methods, which ensures the correctness of the former method. The limiting field strengths of c-C4F8 and c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures were compared with those ofpure SF6, SF6/CO2 mixtures and pure c-C4Fs. It is found that buffer gas CO2 does not reduce the limiting field strengths of c-C4F8 greatly, the limiting field strengths of c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures are higher than those of SF6/CO2 mixtures or even pure SF6, and so c-C4F8/CO2 mixtures are suggested to be possible substitutes for SF6.