HRV分析在驾驶疲劳中的应用研究

驾驶员在驾驶过程中易因疲劳、烦躁和压力等不良生理反应引发事故,而心率变异性(HRV)作为评价人体自主神经系统活性,反映人体生理状态的重要指标,能够准确评估驾驶员的精神状态。为了有效预防事故发生,文章介绍了驾驶员在驾车过程中HRV指标的变化及其应用。结果表明HRV指标结合相应算法模型对驾驶员生理状态识别的准确率高达90%以上,能够有效降低事故发生率。     

某驱动桥气室失效问题的分析及改进

气室是驱动桥的重要组成部分,通过压缩空气和蓄能弹簧为制动器提供驱动力,从而实现整车的行车制动和驻车制动。如若气室发生故障,则会造成制动失效,影响整车的行驶安全。文章针对某驱动桥试验过程中出现的气室底部撕裂问题,通过运用机械振动、有限元分析等方法,对其失效模式进行剖析,通过改进方法,提升产品可靠性。     

预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥混凝土疲劳应力限值研究

大量预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥在服役期内发生腹板斜裂缝病害,引发了研究人员对于混凝土疲劳应力问题的探讨．结合中国的预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范与混凝土结构设计规范（GB50010—2002）、英国BSEN1992—1—1混凝土设计细则、欧洲CEB—FIPMC1990规范和美国AASHTO2004规范关于混凝土疲劳应力验算的规定,对混凝土疲劳应力验算方法进行了比较．并以某预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥为例,对各规范中混凝土疲劳验算的具体过程进行了计算与分析,验证了规范的合理性以及适用性．分析结果表明,中国规范的疲劳应力限值较国外规范偏高．在对构件进行疲劳设计时,推荐采用CEB—FIP规范提供的验算方法．     

基于规范方法的小水线面双体船疲劳强度研究

论文介绍了船舶结构疲劳强度评估基本原理,并对一条2200t级小水线面双体船进行规范法疲劳强度评估。针对小水线面双体船结构特点,采用规范进行疲劳载荷计算;结合全船有限元计算结果进行疲劳部位筛选;采用有限元法提取疲劳部位的热点应力,并计算疲劳部位的累积损伤度。分析计算结果,提出疲劳部位优化方案。     

边坡稳定性分析的广义Bishop法

鉴于简化B ishop法作为一种简单实用且精度较高的极限平衡方法却仅限于分析圆弧破坏的缺陷,提出将B ishop法应用于任意滑裂面的广义方法.基于极限平衡理论和简化B ishop法的简化条件,推导其用于一般滑裂面破坏的边坡安全系数计算公式.通过实例分析考证比较该法的精度,并提出取矩中心的确定方法,以保证竖向力简化假设下的精度,为土坡稳定性分析提供了一种简单通用的方法.     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.     

A stochastic model of traffic flow: Theoretical foundations

In a variety of applications of traffic flow, including traffic simulation, real-time estimation and prediction, one requires a probabilistic model of traffic flow. The usual approach to constructing such models involves the addition of random noise terms to deterministic equations, which could lead to negative traffic densities and mean dynamics that are inconsistent with the original deterministic dynamics. This paper offers a new stochastic model of traffic flow that addresses these issues. The source of randomness in the proposed model is the uncertainty inherent in driver gap choice, which is represented by random state dependent vehicle time headways. A wide range of time headway distributions is allowed. From the random time headways, counting processes are defined, which represent cumulative flows across cell boundaries in a discrete space and continuous time conservation framework. We show that our construction implicitly ensures non-negativity of traffic densities and that the fluid limit of the stochastic model is consistent with cell transmission model (CTM) based deterministic dynamics.     

The effectiveness of a European speed limit versus an international bunker-levy to reduce CO2 emissions from container shipping

In the fight to reduce CO₂ emissions from international shipping, a bunker-levy is currently under consideration at the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Faced with the inability of the IMO to reach an agreement in the short term, the European Commission is now contemplating a unilateral measure of a speed limit for all ships entering European Union (EU) ports. This paper argues that this measure is counterproductive for two reasons. Firstly, because it may ultimately generate more emissions and incur a cost per ton of CO₂ which is more than society is willing to pay. Secondly, because it is sub-optimal compared to results obtained if an international bunker-levy was to be implemented. These elements are illustrated using two direct transatlantic services operated in 2010.     

MTMD to increase fatigue life for OWT jacket structures using Powell's method

The Powell's method was developed to determine the optimal stiffness and damping of multi-tuned mass dampers (MTMD) in offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures under fatigue loads. Numerical examples indicated that the Powell's method results are always better than those using MTMD formulations. With the exception of the blade passing (3P) frequency, it was found in this work that a positive integer (n) multiple of the 3P frequency will also result in a large wind-induced vibration, which can be excited by the frequency of the first structural vertical rotation mode and will cause significant fatigue damage. The first translation mode TMD installed at the tower top is efficient to increase fatigue life at the tower and brace connections, but it cannot reduce fatigue damage at the column and brace connections below the platform. The second translation mode TMD can reduce fatigue damage resulting from large wave loads and thus increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. The mode-3 TMD with a reduction in the 3(3P) vertical rotation can effectively increase the fatigue life of the braces and columns. Thus, the appropriate use of these TMDs can be effective for the fatigue problem of OWT support structures.     

美标高桩码头抗震计算位移法的对比

从原理和适用性的角度对美标高桩码头抗震计算方法进行对比,着重研究了位移法及其中的替代结构法。对替代结构法中推覆曲线的双折线化方式、阻尼比计算、反应谱衰减等影响因素进行分析。通过推覆分析和替代结构法计算变形能力和地震位移、复核码头抗震性能。结合实际案例,采用反应谱法和替代结构法对某高桩码头结构进行抗震分析。结果表明反应谱法趋于保守,不能反映塑性后的荷载衰减,相比而言替代结构法更为准确。而对于替代结构法,不同的等效阻尼比会较大程度影响地震位移结果。