边坡稳定性分析的广义Bishop法

鉴于简化B ishop法作为一种简单实用且精度较高的极限平衡方法却仅限于分析圆弧破坏的缺陷,提出将B ishop法应用于任意滑裂面的广义方法.基于极限平衡理论和简化B ishop法的简化条件,推导其用于一般滑裂面破坏的边坡安全系数计算公式.通过实例分析考证比较该法的精度,并提出取矩中心的确定方法,以保证竖向力简化假设下的精度,为土坡稳定性分析提供了一种简单通用的方法.     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.     

工程量清单计价模式下的"无标底"招投标

推行工程量清单计价模式下的无标底招投标是我国工程招投标体制改革发展的方向和趋势。面对进一步开放的市场,必须进一步深化改革,按照国际惯例来实施工程建设和管理。阐述了推行工程量清单计价模式下无标底招投标是市场经济必然要求,分析了无标底招投标的优点以及在我国全面实行无标底招投标应具备的条件,并总结了实行无标底招投标的意义。     

Experimental and finite element analysis of fatigue strength for 300 mm2 copper power conductor

The fatigue strength of a 300 mm² stranded copper conductor was investigated experimentally and by finite element (FE) analysis. An analytical model was also developed and validated. Wires taken from the outer layer of the conductor were fatigue tested in tension–tension loading and compared with similar data for wires taken from a 95 mm² conductor. The wire cross section was deformed due to the compacting process that was applied during fabrication. When corrected for stress concentrations due to the deformation the data for the two sets of wire fell within the same scatter-band. Full scale testing was carried out in a specially designed rig with constant tensile load and reversed displacement controlled bending with a fixed curvature variation. The loading is a simulation of the loading of a power cable hanging from a floating vessel through a bellmouth. Conductors were tested in two states; dry and lubricated. A finite element model was established for the copper conductor. The model was formulated by a combination of elastic beam and beam-contact elements that included the effects of friction. The effect of local bending due to contact forces was included in the model. Two contact conditions were investigated; the point (trellis) contact between adjacent layers of wire and the inline contact within each layer and between the first layer (centre wire) and the second layer. The FE model was validated by a calibration test of a full scale conductor, and by sensitivity studies varying the size and the number of elements of the model. Fatigue analysis of the conductor was carried out, based on the S–N curve for individual wires. Taking into account the effects of friction and local bending, agreement was obtained between predicted and experimental fatigue strength of the conductor, for the FE model as well as the analytical model.     

膨胀土分析及相关路基处治方法

膨胀土在我国分布比较广泛,其对于工程的危害远高于其他病害地质,并且对于膨胀土的识别和评定目前并无统一的标准,在设计治理与施工方面缺乏成熟的经验,因此主要的处置方法就是化学改性法。     

嵌入式PLC脉冲信号门槛设定和高速计数的实现

本文从实际应用出发，通过使用单片机内部计数／定时器和可编程技术器阵列PCA，兼顾低速输入信号的稳定性和高速信号的实时性，重点阐述一种能对输入信号有效脉冲宽度限定以及高速A、B相脉冲计数的PLC基本功能的开发方法。     

斜坡地基上填方路堤极限承载力影响因素分析

影响斜坡地基上填方路堤极限承载力的因素主要有:斜坡坡度、路堤填土高度、路堤顶面宽度、路堤边坡坡度等。运用极限分析上限法对斜坡地基上不同斜坡坡度、不同填土高度、不同路堤宽度以及不同路堤边坡坡度的填方路堤极限承载力进行计算,得出了各个因素对其极限承载力的影响。研究结果表明路堤填筑高度和顶面宽度对其极限承载力的影响最大,其次为斜坡坡度的影响,而路堤边坡坡度对其影响并不显著。建议综合考虑斜坡坡度、填土高度、路堤宽度、路堤边坡坡度、极限承载力等各种因素来指导斜坡地基上填方路堤的设计与施工,以确保山区高速公路安全畅通。     

基于驾驶员信息处理能力的高速公路作业区限速值计算方法

基于人体工程学原理,将驾驶员在高速公路作业区行驶过程中接触的交通信息分为道路几何信息、道路交通运行信息、交通管理控制信息、气候与环境信息及驾驶员自身信息,将作业区各种道路交通信息进行量化处理,在系统分析驾驶员对信息处理模式的基础上,提出了基于驾驶员信息处理能力的高速公路作业区车速速度限制值计算模型。以2006年5月哈大公路入口作业区为例,考虑车道宽度、开放车道数、隔离设施、合流机会、合流冲突及大车影响对驾驶员接受信息的量化影响,计算得出该作业区的限速值为50 km/h,与工程实际中采用的55 km/h吻合较好,验证了本文所提方法的有效性,为高速公路交通管理部门确定车辆速度限制标准提供了一种参考方法。     

二灰稳定低液限粉土底基层性能研究

结合子洲~靖边高速公路4个合同段低液限粉土的情况,分别采用试验和理论分析的方法,对该地区广泛存在的低液限粉土底基层稳定性能进行了系统研究。首先对低液限粉土稳定土进行了物理、力学性质试验,取得了基本的研究参数。然后通过分析当前常用的路面底基层稳定土方案,对该地区的低液限粉土提出了稳定加固方案,并分析了加固机理和影响因素。     

复杂载荷下曲轴疲劳强度的可靠性

针对目前发动机曲轴疲劳可靠性设计方法法中存在的不足，通过对曲轴疲劳试验程序载荷谱及Ｐ－σ－Ｎ曲线的研究，提出出用程序载荷谱测定了Ｐ－σ－Ｎ曲线，并应用疲劳损伤等交理论对承受复杂载荷的贡轴进行可靠性设计的新方法。