汽车前轮定位参数的仿真分析

利用多刚体动力学软件ADAMS建立轿车的整车模型,在三角形凸块路面输入下进行汽车前轮定位参数的仿真分析。     

正面碰撞中假人膝盖滑移量的伤害机理

碰撞试验中,膝盖滑移量是影响大腿得分的重要因素.通过假人膝盖结构原理分析和仿真手段研究膝盖滑移量的伤害机理和影响因素,仿真分析结果表明,膝盖滑移量的主要影响因素是仪表板造型,地毯角度和高度对膝盖滑移量也有一定影响.文章采用降低腿的高度和优化搁脚垫泡沫结构的方法,并进行实车验证.为避免后期整改造成的资源浪费,提出在内饰造型设计阶段,对仪表板造型进行校核和控制,彻底避免由膝盖滑移量偏大引起大腿得分降低的现象.     

基于PowerFlow的重型载货汽车前扰流板气动特性分析

利用基于LBM方法的CFD软件PowerFlow对某重型载货汽车进行气动外流场计算,分析了车辆前扰流板设计对该车风阻系数及车身门把手位置除尘效果的影响,并基于CFD分析结果提出了改进方案。分析结果表明,改进后扰流板整车风阻系数较原来降低2.4%,除尘效果与原设计方案相比也得到显著改善。     

某车型正面碰撞结构优化

针对某车型在正面碰撞试验中出现踏板和转向管柱侵入量超标的问题,对其产生原因进行分析。运用Hypermesh及LS-DYNA软件进行整车碰撞仿真分析,提出拉平纵梁、在前围板与A柱间以及在前地板增加连接件和加强件的结构优化方案。优化后纵梁的变形模式及前围侵入量均得到改善,前围最大侵入量由原来的343 mm减小到219 mm。表明优化纵梁结构、提高乘员舱总体强度的方案合理,该设计理念和方法可为其他车型的结构设计提供参考。     

基于行人保护的SUV前保险杠防撞系统优化

为减小SUV车型在人车碰撞中对行人小腿的伤害,文章对SUV车型前保险杠造型进行了优化。分析了上支撑与下支撑布置和材料对小腿碰撞伤害值的影响,结果表明,当前保险杠上支撑安装位置处于小腿上部质心以下时,上支撑与小腿上部质心距离及上支撑材料对胫骨加速度值影响较大,上支撑与下支撑距离与下支撑材料对剪切位移影响较大。采用优化后的前保险杠防撞系统有效地控制了行人小腿伤害值,有利于该车型行人保护性能的提升,为以后SUV车型行人保护前保险杠防撞系统设计提供一些参考。     

吉茶高速公路坡头隧道高陡仰坡设计

吉茶高速公路坡头隧道仰坡高达70余m,采用1∶0.3以及垂直坡比。采用抗剪强度折减系数法,计算不加锚索、加锚索两种情况下的仰坡稳定性,可为山区高速公路类似的边仰坡设计与施工提供参考。     

Particle fluxes in the Almeria-Oran Front: control by coastal upwelling and sea surface circulation

Particle flux data were obtained from one instrumented array moored under the direct influence of the Almeria-Oran Front (AOF) in the Eastern Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea, within the frame of the “Mediterranean Targeted Project II-MAss Transfer and Ecosystem Response” (MTPII-MATER) EU-funded research project. The mooring line was deployed from July 1997 to May 1998, and was equipped with three sequential sampling sediment trap-current meter pairs at 645, 1170 and 2210 m (30 m above the seafloor). The settling material was analysed to obtain total mass, organic carbon, opal, calcium carbonate and lithogenic fluxes. Qualitative analyses of SST and SeaWiFS images allowed monitoring the location and development of the Western and Eastern Alboran Sea gyres and associated frontal systems to determine their influence on particle fluxes.Particle flux time series obtained at the three depths showed a downward decrease of the time-weighed total mass flux annual means, thus illustrating the role of pelagic particle settling. The total mass flux was dominated by the lithogenic fraction followed by calcium carbonate, opal and organic carbon. The time series at the various depths were rather similar, with two strong synchronous biogenic peaks (up to 98 mg m⁻² day⁻¹ of organic carbon and 156 mg m⁻² day⁻¹ of opal) recorded in July 1997 and May 1998. Through comparing the fluctuations of the lithogenic and calcium carbonate-rich fluxes with the biogenic flux, we observed that the non-biogenic fluxes remained roughly constant, while the biogenic flux responded strongly to seasonal variations throughout the water column.Overall, the temporal variability of particle fluxes appeared to be linked to the evolution of several tens of kilometres in length sea surface hydrological structures and circulation of the Alboran Sea. Periodic southeastward advective displacements of waters from upwelling events off the southern Spanish coast were observed on SST and SeaWiFS images. In between these periods, widespread phytoplankton blooms were observed. The influence of the varying surface structures resulted in changes in the biogenic particle flux. For example, we observed an opal pulse in April 1998 that resulted from a diatom-rich highly productive frontal surface situation above the mooring line.Estimation of the annual organic carbon export and calculation of a seasonality index indicate that the overall dynamics of the carbon reservoir within the Eastern Alboran Sea appears to be strongly influenced by the sea surface hydrological structures.     

预裂爆破在来宾港增建泊位工程中的应用

文章以来宾港增建两个500吨级泊位工程为例,介绍该工程采用预裂爆破施工技术,充分利用较完整的基岩,减少工程量和工程投资。     

载货汽车防护装置最佳离地高度和刚度的分析

在大型载货汽车与轿车的碰撞事故中，轿车钻入载货汽车下部是十分可怕的死亡交通事故形态。前下部防护装置，后下部防护装置能够有效地防止钻入碰撞事故。此文分析了下部防护装置的离地高度和刚度对钻入碰撞防护效果的影响，下部防护装置在确保阻止钻入碰撞功能的前提下应尽可能多地吸收碰撞能量，以减轻轿车在碰撞中的伤害。以上述原则计算出了不同离地高度的下部防护装置的最佳刚度。     

CA6440与CA6471转向机构及前轮定位参数的对比

CA6471是CA6440的换代产品，两种车型的前轴部分均采用独立悬架，这使转向机构和悬架导向机构的运动关系十分密切，因此本分别建立了两种车型的转向机构和悬架导向机构的三维模型，并利用空间解析几何，经过计算得到两种车型转向时内，外车轮的转角关系曲线及前轮定位参数变化曲线，通过对上述参数及转向系结构的分析对CA6471及CA6440作出评价。