航道治理建设规划环境影响识别及指标体系建立

针对航道治理建设规划环境影响识别及指标体系建立问题,对长江干线"十三五"航道治理建设规划环境影响评价成果进行分析研究,采用系统分析、生态因子识别、生态影响判别等方法,得出规划要素与资源、环境要素之间的关系,并结合环境目标提出评价指标体系,可为航道规划环境影响评价提供参考和借鉴。     

小方型系数船舶的船体波浪载荷综合研究

从船级社规范对于不符合主尺度比要求的船舶船体梁波浪载荷的规定出发,采用理论预报和船模试验2种综合方式,进行了小于0.6方型系数、高航速、高海况目标船的波浪载荷研究.从规范对波浪载荷的线性理论预报值进行的非线性修正,修正后中拱和中垂波浪弯矩绝对值之和与线性理论预报极值全幅值相等出发,阐述所研究船特殊主尺度比下的模型试验结果、三维非线性水弹性理论预报结果显示出的波浪载荷非线性行为;同时综合模型试验与理论预报的共同规律,研究不同波高、航速、浪向等非常规船型船体波浪载荷的强非线性行为,从而认为规范基于的线性理论预报值进行非线性修正的统一规定太过笼统,进而建议规范对波浪载荷的非线性修正予以进一步的明确区分和规定.     

超声冲击处理对高强钢焊接接头残余应力影响的数值模拟

超声冲击处理(UIT)是一种有效的焊后改善焊接接头疲劳性能的工艺措施,其借助机械撞击和超声振动的共同作用,使焊趾表面产生塑性变形从而引入有益的压缩残余应力。为评价UIT技术对焊接接头残余应力的影响,该文提出了一套新的数值分析方法,包括焊接数值模拟及随后的超声冲击处理过程的动态弹塑性有限元分析。在有限元模型中考虑了实际的工艺参数和超声促成的材料软化效应。以船用高强钢AH36非承载十字焊接接头为研究对象,将预测的超声冲击处理前后的残余应力分布与实验结果进行对比,两者有较好的吻合。在此基础上,探讨了静态预载荷对超声冲击处理态残余应力再分布的影响。     

Q235钢板对高速弹的抗侵彻特性研究

为探究钢板在典型防御目标弹丸侵彻下的抗弹性能及破坏模式,开展系列弹道实验,并结合有限元分析软件Ansys/LS-DYNA,探讨弹体初速、入射角度及靶板厚度对靶板抗弹性能的影响,对比分析不同条件下的破坏模式.结果表明,在改变单一因素的条件下,弹体初速越大、入射角越大、钢板厚度越大,钢板吸能越高,抗侵彻能力越强.     

Fueling for contingencies: The hidden cost of unpredictability in the air transportation system

The aviation community is increasing its attention on the concept of predictability when conducting aviation service quality assessments. Reduced fuel consumption and the related cost is one of the various benefits that could be achieved through improved flight predictability. A lack of predictability may cause airline dispatchers to load more fuel onto aircraft before they depart; the flights would then in turn consume extra fuel just to carry excess fuel loaded. In this study, we employ a large dataset with flight-level fuel loading and consumption information from a major US airline. With these data, we estimate the relationship between the amount of loaded fuel and flight predictability performance using a statistical model. The impact of loaded fuel is translated into fuel consumption and, ultimately, fuel cost and environmental impact for US domestic operations. We find that a one-minute increase in the standard deviation of airborne time leads to a 0.88 min increase in loaded contingency fuel and 1.66 min in loaded contingency and alternate fuel. If there were no unpredictability in the aviation system, captured in our model by eliminating standard deviation in flight time, the reduction in the loaded fuel would between 6.12 and 11.28 min per flight. Given a range of fuel prices, this ultimately would translate into cost savings for US domestic airlines on the order of $120–$452 million per year.     

An algorithm for oceanic front detection in chlorophyll and SST satellite imagery

An algorithm is described for oceanic front detection in chlorophyll (Chl) and sea surface temperature (SST) satellite imagery. The algorithm is based on a gradient approach: the main novelty is a shape-preserving, scale-sensitive, contextual median filter applied selectively and iteratively until convergence. This filter has been developed specifically for Chl since these fields have spatial patterns such as chlorophyll enhancement at thermohaline fronts and small- and meso-scale chlorophyll blooms that are not present in SST fields. Linear Chl enhancements and localized (point-wise) blooms are modeled as ridges and peaks respectively, whereas conventional fronts in Chl and SST fields are modeled as steps or ramps. Examples are presented of the algorithm performance using modeled (synthetic) images as well as synoptic Chl and SST imagery. After testing, the algorithm was used on > 6000 synoptic images, 1999–2007, to produce climatologies of Chl and SST fronts off the U.S. Northeast.     

山西平遥至榆社高速公路穿越自然保护区路段的生态环境影响评价

结合山西平遥至榆社高速公路的环境影响评价工作,通过对拟穿越超山自然保护区路段生态环境现状的调查,论述了公路建设可能对生态环境造成的影响,并提出了相应的措施和建议。     

受侧向冲击的混凝土墩柱本构模型对比

采用ANSYS建模和LS-DYNA显式动力分析的方式,分别使用HJC、脆性损伤、盖帽和混凝土损伤等4种混凝土本构模型,对钢筋混凝土墩柱的侧向冲击过程进行仿真。从系统能量的角度验证数值计算的正确性;并将冲击过程中的冲击物块加速度和钢筋应变的历时值与试验值进行对比,进一步证实仿真计算的正确性。从各本构模型的计算结果、模拟所耗费的计算时间以及所需的参数数量等方面进行对比。     

船闸闸室结构的船-墙碰撞三维有限元分析

以江苏某重力式船闸闸室结构为例,采用ABAQUS软件建立船舶-闸室结构-土体三维有限元模型,对船舶撞击闸室进行瞬态动力分析,得到不同工况下的撞击力时程曲线和撞击力值等结果。研究结果表明:船舶撞击闸室的法向平均撞击力大小与船舶排水量的12次方、撞击速度的1次方、撞击角度的1次方成线性关系;将软件模拟的船舶法向撞击力数值与依据JTJ 307—2001《船闸水工建筑物设计规范》得到的计算值比较,发现规范公式得到的数值普遍偏小,低估了过闸船舶撞击力的影响。     

船用EH36高强钢无缝药芯焊丝焊接接头组织和冲击韧性研究

本文以SRSF501无缝药芯焊丝在船用EH36高强钢中的焊接应用为目的,研究了国产无缝药芯焊丝SRSF501在船用EH36高强钢焊接中的组织和冲击韧性。通过试验表明：SRSF501焊接EH36钢接头各区域的冲击性能均满足船级社要求;多层多道焊时,焊缝组织由粗大的柱状组织和细小的等轴晶组织组成,底层焊缝和末道焊缝柱状晶区域较大;盖面层两侧接头热影响区存在粗晶区,其它位置接头的热影响区不存在粗晶区;焊接接头中熔合线外2mm处,晶粒最细,冲击韧性最好。