节能减排环保背景下的船用双燃料柴油机发展研究

船用天然气/柴油双燃料柴油机是一种具有良好发展前景的节能减排环保船用动力设备。从船用双燃料柴油机发展的时代背景,发展趋势及天然气燃料的优势,包括国内外船用柴油机发展趋势、船用双燃料柴油机的发展前景、船用天然气燃料的优势;船用双燃料柴油机及其子系统研究;船用双燃料柴油机的国内发展现状等方面,对节能减排环保背景下的船用双燃料柴油机发展进行了研究。     

Experimental studies on low pressure semi-direct fuel injection in a two stroke spark ignition engine

In this work a two-stroke scooter engine was modified to work with semi-direct injection of gasoline at a pressure of 8 bar from an injector in the cylinder barrel pointed toward the cylinder head. The influence of injection timing, injection pressure, spark plug location and air-fuel ratio, on performance, emissions and combustion characteristics has been investigated. In addition, a comparison has been made with manifold injection of gasoline on the same engine at a given speed and various outputs. A significant reduction in HC emissions and fuel consumption with no adverse effects on NOx emissions and combustion stability was observed. A small drop in power and increase in CO emission were observed disadvantages of the new injection system. Injection timing was found to be the most important factor and a balance between reduction in shortcircuited fuel by late injection, and time for mixture preparation by advancing the injection, was found to be essential.     

关于GB20998—2007中若干问题的探讨

国家质量监督检验检疫总局和国家环保总局于2007年7月19日联合发布了我国首部摩托车和轻便摩托车燃油蒸发污染物排放国家标准,并于2008年7月i日起正式实施。对于按照GB20998—2007标准要求已经获得型式核准的摩托车,生产一致性检查自批准之日起执行;2009年7月1日起,所有生产、进1：2和销售的摩托车均应符合该标准要求。     

浅析炭罐综合性能试验装置的开发（1）

采用西门子SIMATIC S7—200可编程控制器自主开发了炭罐综合性能试验装置,用于满足摩托车及汽车燃油蒸发标准对炭罐预处理的要求,同时还能对不同车型的活性炭罐进行各种性能试验。系统软件包括下位机软件——STEP7V4．0和上位机软件——WINCCV6。     

Estimating fuel burn impacts of taxi-out delay with implications for gate-hold benefits

The aviation community is actively investigating initiatives to reduce aircraft fuel consumption from surface operations, as surface management strategies may face fewer implementation barriers compared with en route strategies. One fuel-saving initiative for the air transportation system is the possibility of holding aircraft at the gate, or the spot, until the point at which they can taxi unimpeded to the departure runway. The extent to which gate holding strategies have financial and environmental benefits hinges on the quantity of fuel that is consumed during surface operations. A pilot of an aircraft may execute the taxi procedure on a single engine or utilize different engine thrust rates during taxi because of a delay. In the following study, we use airline fuel consumption data to estimate aircraft taxi fuel consumption rates during the “unimpeded” and “delayed” portions of taxi time. We find that the fuel consumption attributed to a minute of taxi-out delay is less than that attributed to minute of unimpeded taxi time; for some aircraft types, the fuel consumption rate for a minute of taxi delay is half of that for unimpeded taxi. It is therefore not appropriate, even for rough calculations, to apply nominal taxi fuel consumption rates to convert delayed taxi-out time into fuel burn. On average we find that eliminating taxi delay would reduce overall flight fuel consumption by about 1%. When we consider the savings on an airport-by-airport basis, we find that for some airports the potential reduction from reducing taxi delay is as much as 2%.     

Optimisation of dynamic motorway traffic via a parsimonious and decentralised approach

This paper presents an optimisation framework for motorway management via ramp metering and variable speed limit. We start with presenting a centralised global optimal control problem aiming to minimise the total travel delay in a motorway system. Given the centralised global optimal control solutions, we propose a set of decentralised ramp metering and speed control strategies which operate on a novel parsimonious dynamic platform without needing an underlying traffic model. The control strategies are applied to a case on UK M25 motorway. The results show that the proposed set of decentralised control is able to deliver a performance that is close to the global optimal ones with significantly less computational and implementation effort. This study provides new insights to motorway management.     

容积式船用柴油机油耗仪的研制

本文介绍了一种采用容法计量的船用柴油机燃油消耗仪的结构及工作原理，并对测控单元进行了重点介绍。     

纯氢燃料电池汽车性能的仿真

本文以由纯氢作燃料、采用串联式结构的燃料电池车用研究对象，通过仿真对车辆的部分参数和驾驶循环对车辆的性能影响进行了分析。在所分析的车辆参数中，动力系统效率的提高对车辆能量经济的改善最为有效，其次是车的总质量、空气阻力系数和滚动阻力系数减小的影响。在对原地起步加速特性的影响中，车重的减轻效果最为明显，其次是空气阻力系数和动阻力系数减小的影响。这些结论为燃料电池车动力系统的优化设计提供了依据。     

多点汽油喷射喷油器积碳形成的研究

汽车经长时间使用后，喷油器针阀表面会形成少量积碳，影响其喷油质量。从喷油器结构、汽油品质及汽车运行工况等方面探讨了喷油器积碳的机理。通过喷油器积碳模拟试验论证了热浸时间及运行时间对喷油器堵塞率的影响。     

增压柴油机车加速中降低排气烟度的研究

本文通过对小型增压柴油机在加速过程中的燃料流量特性的分析,设计出可以任意改变加速过程中燃料流量的实验装置。通过试验和分析,找出了在维持同等加速性能的情况下,可以较大幅度降低排气烟度的燃料流量的特性规律。