水泥粉喷桩加固黄土软基的载荷试验研究

利用粉喷桩处理软土地基的方法已在我国广泛应用,但是对于处理黄土软土地基,规范中并无相关的计算参数。采用水泥粉喷桩法对甘肃尹中高速公路沿线黄土软基进行了地基处理,通过载荷试验发现水泥粉喷桩法加固黄土软基效果显著,且浸水对复合地基的承载力影响较小。     

燃气轮机的大型集装箱船LNG燃料舱布置

为了满足环保新法规要求,很多船东首选LNG作为船用燃料。本文基于燃气轮机推进的大型集装箱船的布置特点及IGF规则的要求,对LNG燃料舱布置的位置和LNG燃料舱适用的形式进行了论证,获得了满足大型集装箱船性能需求和IGF规则要求的LNG燃料舱设计方案。     

基于高频方波注入的船舶电机无传感器控制研究

随着大功率交流调速技术的不断进步,船舶电力推进如今成为船舶行业的主要发展目标.为研究运行可靠稳定、灵活、高性能的船舶电机无位置传感器控制,系统采用高频注入法估算电机转子位置信号,根据基于高频注入永磁同步电机数学模型的研究,该系统中高频采用的是高频方波注入,减少滤波器的使用从而缓解了转子位置延迟现象,同时采用锁相环对电机转子的相位和频率跟踪来计算电机转子的估计转速,克服了估算转速脉动大的困难.利用Matlab对电机控制系统仿真,验证电机控制系统的电机转速平滑稳定,转子位置波形在0-2π有规律往返.最终实现高精度、灵活的无传感器船舶电机控制.     

油田注水管道的腐蚀研究与缓蚀剂评价

油田注水管线所输送介质复杂,腐蚀现象严重,存在安全隐患,一旦因腐蚀泄漏就会造成巨大的经济损失。因此,开展油田注水管道的腐蚀研究及采取措施减缓腐蚀具有重要意义。为此,对某油田注水管道现场采集注入水样及腐蚀产物,通过X-射线衍射及X-射线能谱仪进行分析,分析结果表明腐蚀产物主要是碳酸钙,同时含有一定量的氯化物、碳酸亚铁、硫化物等成分。通过电镜扫描腐蚀产物的微观形貌,发现存在氯离子腐蚀。并通过ICP-OES分析输送介质组分,针对其腐蚀特点及输送介质组分,采用失重法及电化学方法评价了引入季铵盐的咪唑啉缓蚀剂HJD2最佳质量分数及缓蚀机理,实验结果表明该缓蚀剂对该注水管道具有较好的缓蚀作用,在现场注水温度下,最佳质量分数(0.06%)时的缓蚀效率为95.1%,通过注入该缓蚀剂可以有效地减缓该注水管线的腐蚀,延长管线的使用寿命。     

Fueling for contingencies: The hidden cost of unpredictability in the air transportation system

The aviation community is increasing its attention on the concept of predictability when conducting aviation service quality assessments. Reduced fuel consumption and the related cost is one of the various benefits that could be achieved through improved flight predictability. A lack of predictability may cause airline dispatchers to load more fuel onto aircraft before they depart; the flights would then in turn consume extra fuel just to carry excess fuel loaded. In this study, we employ a large dataset with flight-level fuel loading and consumption information from a major US airline. With these data, we estimate the relationship between the amount of loaded fuel and flight predictability performance using a statistical model. The impact of loaded fuel is translated into fuel consumption and, ultimately, fuel cost and environmental impact for US domestic operations. We find that a one-minute increase in the standard deviation of airborne time leads to a 0.88 min increase in loaded contingency fuel and 1.66 min in loaded contingency and alternate fuel. If there were no unpredictability in the aviation system, captured in our model by eliminating standard deviation in flight time, the reduction in the loaded fuel would between 6.12 and 11.28 min per flight. Given a range of fuel prices, this ultimately would translate into cost savings for US domestic airlines on the order of $120–$452 million per year.     

喷孔位置对船用天然气发动机燃烧及排放影响的模拟研究

为了探究天然气与柴油喷孔位置对天然气发动机燃烧和排放的影响,基于L23/30天然气发动机,建立了柴油引燃天然气的发动机模型,利用CONVERGE软件对燃烧过程和排放进行模拟分析。模拟结果表明：由于天然气与柴油喷孔位置变化的影响,会导致柴油引燃天然气在空间的变化,因此对发动机的燃烧和排放造成了影响,通过对比不同喷嘴间的距离和不同喷嘴分布的设计方案得出,采用中心对称设计时获得了较好的燃烧和排放性能。     

Vehicle mass as a determinant of fuel consumption and secondary safety performance

One interaction between environmental and safety goals in transport is found within the vehicle fleet where fuel economy and secondary safety performance of individual vehicles impose conflicting requirements on vehicle mass from an individual’s perspective. Fleet characteristics influence the relationship between the environmental and safety outcomes of the fleet; the topic of this paper. Cross-sectional analysis of mass within the British fleet is used to estimate the partial effects of mass on the fuel consumption and secondary safety performance of vehicles. The results confirmed that fuel consumption increases as mass increases and is different for different combinations of fuel and transmission types. Additionally, increasing vehicle mass generally decreases the risk of injury to the driver of a given vehicle in the event of a crash. However, this relationship depends on the characteristics of the vehicle fleet, and in particular, is affected by changes in mass distribution within the fleet. We confirm that there is generally a trade-off in vehicle design between fuel economy and secondary safety performance imposed by mass. Cross-comparison of makes and models by model-specific effects reveal cases where this trade-off exists in other aspects of design. Although it is shown that mass imposes a trade-off in vehicle design between safety and fuel use, this does not necessarily mean that it imposes a trade-off between safety and environmental goals in the vehicle fleet as a whole because the secondary safety performance of a vehicle depends on both its own mass and the mass of the other vehicles with which it collides.     

基于模糊逻辑推理的燃料电池客车再生制动控制策略

以燃料电池客车为研究对象,在分析城市公交客车制动特点的基础上,进行了制动能量回收的分析计算,提出了一种简单实用的再生制动控制策略的模糊化设计方法。道路试验表明,该设计具有明显的节能效果。     

燃料辅助喷射对柴油机起动着火及排放的影响

为了研究辅助燃料对柴油机起动工况着火及排放的影响规律,在柴油机起动过程中,向进气道内分别喷射不同浓度的乙醚和C3H8进行了试验。试验结果表明:辅助喷射适当种类的燃料,可实现诱导、促进着火并改善燃烧的目的。辅助燃料除应具备良好的挥发性外,其着火性也是改善起动性能的重要因素。进气道喷射C3H8会抑制起动着火性,随喷射浓度的增加,燃烧恶化,HC排放升高;喷射适量浓度乙醚,可以促进起动过程着火,完全消除起动工况失火和不完全燃烧循环,在降低HC排放的同时,减少PM排放50%以上。     

LPG单燃料发动机稀薄燃烧控制策略研究

针对LPG单燃料发动机,基于旋转坐标系的独立气缸模型,提出了一种采用λ型氧传感器的稀薄燃烧控制策略,大大降低了线性氧传感器所带来的高昂成本,并实现了燃气喷射的逐缸控制。试验结果表明,该控制策略在满足系统动力要求的前提下,大大降低了燃气的消耗及废气的排放,具有良好的应用前景。