基于两台双天线GPS测向单元的靶船测姿方法

介绍了GPS侧向单元CrescentVectorModule性能,给出了一种利用两台GPS侧向单元测量靶船姿态的硬件与软件实现方法,给出了标校方法和测量精度。根据测试方案实现的测姿平台在海上试验的实际应用中取得了很好的效果。     

GPS测向系统测量运动载体航向的误差补偿方法

GPS作为目前世界上使用最为广泛的导航和测量手段,其静态精度和性能已经得到认可,但是其动态精度和各种补偿仍然受到广泛关注。文章从坐标变换的角度出发,针对单基线GPS测向系统的摇摆补偿进行研究,推导出适用于舰艇动态条件下的补偿公式,并通过仿真,证明其实用性。     

GPS PPK潮位测量技术在疏浚测量中的应用

提出了利用GPS PPK潮位测量技术进行超长航道疏浚工程测量水位控制的方法,并在天津港30万t级航道疏浚工程中得到了效果验证和实际应用。GPS PPK采用的是后处理相位差分技术,其作用距离不受数据传输的约束,可以达到50～80 km,相对于GPS RTK无验潮水深测量、潮位推算技术等远距离潮位控制方法,具有精度高、可靠、现势性好等优势,在超长航道的水位控制方面具有较高的推广价值。     

贵州省纳雍县滑坡易发性评价

以贵州省纳雍县为研究区,基于地理信息系统(GIS)平台,采用Logistic回归模型评价区域滑坡易发性。选取高程、坡度、坡向、地表曲率、岩性、到公路距离、到水系距离和到断层距离8项影响因子,应用Logistic回归模型拟合描述滑坡发生与各项因子关系的回归方程。在此基础上,预测研究区内滑坡易发性的概率值,并将研究区划分为5个易发级别。结合历史滑坡分布,对滑坡易发性分区的合理性进行验证,结果表明滑坡易发性分区图和实际滑坡分布情况吻合较好。此外,应用受试者工作特征曲线对模型结果进行评价,结果显示,曲线下面积AUC值为0.774,Logistic回归模型的预测精度较好。     

GPS——网络RTK技术研究及其应用

RTK是基于现代无线通信技术、网络管理技术、计算机软件基础上的GPS定位观念。深入分析了国内网络RTK研究的现状,叙述了网络RTK研究的技术难点及其应用领域,指出深入开展网络RTK研究有其深远意义。     

Door-to-door travel times in RP departure time choice models: An approximation method using GPS data

A common way to determine values of travel time and schedule delay is to estimate departure time choice models, using stated preference (SP) or revealed preference (RP) data. The latter are used less frequently, mainly because of the difficulties to collect the data required for the model estimation. One main requirement is knowledge of the (expected) travel times for both chosen and unchosen departure time alternatives. As the availability of such data is limited, most RP-based scheduling models only take into account travel times on trip segments rather than door-to-door travel times, or use very rough measures of door-to-door travel times. We show that ignoring the temporal and spatial variation of travel times, and, in particular, the correlation of travel times across links may lead to biased estimates of the value of time (VOT). To approximate door-to-door travel times for which no complete measurement is possible, we develop a method that relates travel times on links with continuous speed measurements to travel times on links where relatively infrequent GPS-based speed measurements are available. We use geographically weighted regression to estimate the location-specific relation between the speeds on these two types of links, which is then used for travel time prediction at different locations, days, and times of the day. This method is not only useful for the approximation of door-to-door travel times in departure time choice models, but is generally relevant for predicting travel times in situations where continuous speed measurements can be enriched with GPS data.     

What are the value and implications of two-car households for the electric car?

The major barriers to a more widespread introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) beyond early adopters are the limited range, charging limitations, and costly batteries. An important question is therefore where these effects can be most effectively mitigated. An optimization model is developed to estimate the potential for BEVs to replace one of the conventional cars in two-car households and to viably contribute to the households’ driving demand. It uses data from 1 to 3 months of simultaneous GPS logging of the movement patterns for both cars in 64 commuting Swedish two-car households in the Gothenburg region.The results show that, for home charging only, a flexible vehicle use strategy can considerably increase BEV driving and nearly eliminate the unfulfilled driving in the household due to the range and charging limitations with a small battery. The present value of this flexibility is estimated to be on average $6000–$7000 but varies considerably between households. With possible near-future prices for BEVs based on mass production cost estimates, this flexibility makes the total cost of ownership (TCO) for a BEV advantageous in almost all the investigated households compared to a conventional vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle. Because of the ubiquity of multi-car households in developed economies, these families could be ideal candidates for the initial efforts to enhance BEV adoptions beyond the early adopters. The results of this research can inform the design and marketing of cheaper BEVs with small but enough range and contribute to increased knowledge and awareness of the suitability of BEVs in such households.     

基于GPS/DR的现代有轨电车定位方法研究

针对现代有轨电车运行环境和运营特点,采用GPS定位为主,航位推算为辅的车辆定位方案,确保现代有轨电车在运营线路上定位信息的连续性和完整性。采用卡尔曼滤波等数据处理方法,减少传感器采集数据的零偏漂移和随机漂移,降低航位推算的累积误差,提高定位信息的精确性。由理论分析和跑车试验可以看出,组合定位方案和数据处理方法可以有效实现现代有轨电车在全部运行线路上的跟踪和定位。     

GPRSTK在航潮位测量及在天津新港航道的实现

在分析传统潮位测量方法和潮位模型缺陷的基础上,给出了GPS在航潮位测量方法。基于GPSRTK动态定位技术,系统地研究了GPS RTK在航潮位测量、数据处理的基本理论和流程,并对潮位测量和数据处理中的GPS RTK高程质量控制、姿态改正、动态吃水改正、潮位提取、垂直基准转换5个关键问题进行了深入研究,最终确定了测量船测量期间的在航潮位。将这些研究成果应用到天津新港航道的在航潮位试验中,2 d的试验结果表明,GPS在航潮位测量方法相对传统的潮位测量方法在实施的简便性、精度等方面具有较大的优越性。鉴于该方法的特点以及航道的特点,建议该方法广泛推广应用于航道在航潮位测量中。     

道路运输营运车辆应用GPS和行驶记录仪的现状与经验

对营运车辆应用GPS和行驶记录仪的现状与经验进行了调研，并提出了存在的问题。