基于GAMIT高精度GPS基线数据方法

随着GNSS技术的不断向前发展,精密GPS数据越来越受到研究者重视。以目前应用广泛的GAMIT软件作为研究对象,论述GAMIT软件安装过程及文件配置过程,并在此基础上通过实验对部分影响GPS解算精度的控制参数进行分析,从而得出截止高度角在10°时为最佳条件,双频观测量相对于单频观测量可更精确解算处理长基线的结论。     

铁路货车及调车机跟踪管理系统的设计与实现

铁路货车及调车机跟踪管理系统采用基础数据层、业务逻辑处理层、数据展现和分析层三层结构设计。通过企业服务总线(ESB)整合现在车、行车日志、货运管理、车载计算机和GPS定位等现有应用系统,GPS实时定位调车机位置,完成调车计划执行的实时数据采集。     

基于VBA的公交上车刷卡人数统计方法

提出一种基于VBA宏命令,利用公交IC卡和GPS数据来实现各站点刷卡上车人数统计的方法.根据两种数据的特点,以Excel为主要工作平台,通过VBA程序快速地对两者数据进行筛选和利用,逐步实现各站点公交车到站时间的匹配和各站点上车人数的统计.最后利用此方法对丹东市公交线路的往返各站点上车人数进行统计.与传统的公交随车调查结果对比,通过该方法得到的各站点上车人数数据较为准确,可作为传统方法的替代.     

高压组合电器施工质量控制要点

针对目前在国家铁路和城市轨道交通牵引供电领域,引进了部分SF6气体绝缘金属封闭式组合电器(GIS),其中包括室内、室外型敞开式结构和室内开关柜结构的GIS.本文根据几个工程的实践,对GIS设备的安装步骤及要点进行详细介绍,同时就施工的关键技术和普遍带有规律性的特点进行了探索.     

Instantaneous emissions models set in GIS for the TRANSIMS outputs

A novel methodology that provides more detailed estimates of vehicular polluting emissions is offered, in order to contribute to the improvement and the precision of emission inventories of vehicle sources through the consideration of instantaneous speed changes or acceleration instead of average vehicular speeds. This paper presents the construction and application of an instantaneous emissions model designated hereunder as “Transims’s Snapshots-Based Emissions”, which is set on a Geographic Information System that incorporates instantaneous fuel consumption factors and fuel-based emission factors to attain highest resolution of both, spatial and temporal distribution of vehicular polluting emissions based on traffic simulation through cellular automata with TRANSIMS. This work was applied to the road network of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area as case study. The development of this powerful tool led to obtaining 86,400 maps of the spatial and temporal distribution of vehicular emissions per vehicle circulating on the road network, including the following pollutants: carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, total hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, black carbon, particles PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. The said maps allowed identification with highest level of detail, of the emissions and Hot-spots of fuel consumption. Also, the model permitted to obtain the emissions’ longitudinal profiles of a given vehicle along its route. This study shows that the integration method of the polynomial regression models represents an opportunity for each city to develop more easily and openly its own regional emissions models without requiring deeper programming knowledge.     

基于改进极限学习机的公交站点短时客流预测方法

以公交车IC 卡和GPS数据为基础，提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法优化极限学习机(IPSO-ELM)的公交站点短时客流预测模型.依托IC 卡和GPS 数据在站点的特征表现和内在联系，定义了站点间距，并分析了站间距和车辆到总站距离间的联系；提出了公交乘客上车站点确定方法，进而得到公交站点上车客流量；通过分析公交客流数据特征，确定ELM输入参数维度，并采用IPSO 算法找到ELM的最优隐含层节点参数；最后依托广州市19 路公交车客流数据仓库进行了方法验证.结果表明：所用优化后的ELM方法预测误差在10%以内，并与应用广泛的SVM、ARIMA和传统ELM模型进行对比分析，发现改进的ELM方法拥有更高的可靠性和泛化性能.     

Data attribution and network representation issues in GIS and transportation

Geographic Information System (GIS) is an “intelligent” technology which integrates attribute data and spatial features and manages the relationship between them. GIS is widely used in many activities, but its application in transportation is less common. The extension of GIS into transportation (GIS‐T) offers the potential to integrate transportation data into GIS. The integration of transportation data in GIS faces a number of barriers that are discussed in the paper. These barriers can be broadly categorized into data attribution and network representation issues. This paper analyzes these issues and reviews the potential for overcoming these constraints with current GIS technology. A fully developed GIS‐T has to meet many diverse needs including transportation inventory, modeling and operational problems. If GIS is to succeed as a transportation technology, it must be capable of integrating different levels of network representation and data attribution and have the ability to link with other transportation technologies.     

The authors in this issue

This paper considers the main road-traffic parameters that determine air pollution, i.e. the total volume of traffic, road speeds and the composition of the vehicle fleet. Changes in the amounts of pollutants emitted, and the importance of each of the three parameters, have been computed by using a traffic assignment model, which also represents emission factors. The types of policies that may be implemented to reduce the environmental impact of transport are then considered. The study demonstrates, for example, that the impact of a deterioration in traffic conditions is limited in comparison with the effect of forecast increases in traffic and improvements in the environmental performance of vehicles. As a consequence, if cities and urban transport are to achieve sustainable development, urban expansion must take place in a controlled way.     

舰艇真航向动态测量中方位角解算的影响因素分析

舰艇真航向动态测量是利用航向角与方位角、舷角的关系来解算真航向。其中方位角的精确解算是保障动态检测精度的一个重要因素。本文从理论上分析了舰艇航行状态下纵横摇、GPS天线高度对GPS定位和方位角解算的影响及GPS与电子经纬仪安装位置不重合对方位角解算的影响,并进行了仿真分析,为方位角的精确解算提供了有力的理论依据。     

GIS在交通运输规划与管理中的应用

地理信息系统是实现智能交通系统中交通规划与管理的重要技术之一.文中综述了地理信息系统在交通领域的应用现状,分析了交通地图数据库的建立、数据分析与处理等GIS应用于交通需要解决的关键问题.预测并设想了GIS在交通运输规划与管理中的城市道路设计、车辆诱导、城市交通预测、城市交通设施管理几个方面的应用.