转K2型转向架弹簧载荷识别及其对弹簧寿命影响的研究

用试验的方法得到在垂直载荷作用下弹簧45°方向应力和最大主应力之间的差异,用有限元法计算了弹簧在横向、垂向加载时的载荷识别系数。根据线路实测动应力识别出转K2型转向架弹簧在运用工况下的2种载荷。最后根据载荷计算出弹簧的应力,利用疲劳损伤模型计算出损伤,得出了2种载荷对疲劳寿命的影响。     

Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia

We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year^− 1), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year^− 1), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year^− 1) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year^− 1). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO₂ to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO₂ emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.     

用高温超导线圈和常导线圈构成的混合式电磁悬浮系统

常导电磁吸力悬浮系统悬浮气隙小、悬浮功率大,电动斥力悬浮系统不能实现静止悬浮、磁场污染大。由于受电流变化率限制,单独采用高温超导线圈构成的电磁吸力悬浮系统不能实现稳定悬浮。经分析比较,提出了一种用高温超导线圈和常导线圈构成的混合式电磁吸力型悬浮系统方案。采用这种混合式悬浮方案可增大悬浮气隙、实现稳态"零"功率悬浮、减轻车体重量、降低制冷费用、且无磁场污染。     

Experimental ivnestigation on flow fields of viscous fluid around two-dimensional wings and comparison with computational results

To examine the flow field of a viscous fluid around the trailing edge of a wing with respect to the Kutta condition or the Joukowski hypothesis, an experimental investigation into the velocity fields around two-dimensional (2D) wings NACA0012 and NACA4412 was carried out using an X-type hot-wire anemometer in a wind tunnel and the method of colored milk injection in a circulating water channel. The results of these investigations revealed that the flow of a viscous fluid at the trailing edge of a 2D wing is tangential to the face on the pressure side, and that the flow is very slow or reversed on the suction side due to separation when the angle of attack is greater than 7.5°. By flow visualization, a Kármán vortex street was found in the wake of both wings (NACA0012 and NACA4412) when the angle of attack was 5°. These results show that the ordinary Kutta condition with respect to the direction of outflow at the trailing edge is not necessarily satisfied in a viscous fluid, but the Kutta condition with respect to the pressure at the trailing edge is satisfied as usual. Numerical results, which have been obtained as the solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, show good agreement with above-mentioned experimental results. Therefore, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation has proved to be very effective for studying steady viscous flow around the trailing edge of a 2D wing.     

船舶压载水不同处理方法的经济性分析

对船舶压载水不同处理方法所需费用和代价进行了简要评述。     

成昆线红层地区泥石流沟侵蚀程度量化分析

以成昆铁路红层地区的3个小流域为研究区,计算3个年份的地面割裂度及其年平均变化率,分析用地面割裂度表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度的不足及其原因。基于泥石流沟发育的物理模型,以原来的地面割裂度定义为基础,引入表述沟谷分布零散程度的异型度因子,导出新侵蚀系数公式。以3个小流域固体物质的年平均流失量作为侵蚀程度强弱的标准,采用非参数统计推断方法,将侵蚀系数、地面割裂度的年变化值和固体物质的年平均流失量作秩统计和次序统计。对秩统计参数和次序统计参数比较结果表明:在表征泥石流沟侵蚀程度方面,侵蚀系数优于地面割裂度。     

浅议既有线CTCS2区段车站ZPW-2000A闭环电码化

本文从设计的角度,介绍了ZPW-2000A闭环电码化在既有线CTCS2区段的设计方案及其方案的完善。     

国外核测井技术的发展状况

本文通过对近十年来国外核测井技术的状况和发展趋势的追踪,简要地介绍了几种我所有研发可能的测井仪器,以期能够为我所核测井仪器的研发提供一些参考。     

体外循环期间钙动态变化的研究

观察32例患者体外循环期间血浆及红细胞内钙的动态变化。目的在于揭示其变化规律，为更好的保护心肌提供新的措施和理论依据。结果：麻醉后体外循环前血浆钙较术前显著升高，体外循环开始显著下降；40min恢复至术前水平；停机时显著升高至停机8h。术前、中、后红细胞内钙无显著变化。体外循环期间钙变化与血液稀释、应激反应、预充液及心脏停跳液中含钙离子有关。高钙可导致心肌缺血及再灌注时大量钙进入心肌细胞，引起心肌细胞损伤。所以，体外循环期间，特别是复灌期适当降低钙浓度，对术中、后心肌功能恢复具有重要作用。     

开关磁阻电机最优化设计的研究

ＳＲＭ优化设计问题属于带多个约束条件的非线性规划问题，除变量的离散性外，约束条件众多且非线性程度高，目标函数是离散跳跃的，本文着重对ＳＲＭ最优化方法进行了研究，提出了一种改进的增广Ｌａｒｇｒａｎｇｅ乘子法，与罚函数法相比，对复杂数学模型的优化具有明显的优越性。