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氮氧化物(NOX)是船舶柴油机排放废气中危害环境的主要成分。通过研究船舶废气NOX的形成机理,结合当前国际海事组织的最新公约要求,对现有船舶柴油机NOX排放控制技术的效果进行对比,探讨选择性催化还原技术在多功能水下作业支持船上加以应用的方案,总结出选择性催化还原系统在设计与实船应用中值得关注的关键技术。 相似文献
995.
Modeling delay at signalized intersections with channelized right‐turn lanes considering the impact of blockage 下载免费PDF全文
This paper presents a probabilistic delay model for signalized intersections with right‐turn channelization lanes considering the possibility of blockage. Right‐turn channelization is used to improve the capacity and to reduce delay at busy intersections with a lot of right‐turns. However, under heavy traffic conditions the through vehicles will likely block the channelization entrance that accrues delay to right‐turn vehicles. If the right‐turn channelization gets blocked frequently, its advantage in reducing the intersection delay is neglected and as a result the channelization lane becomes inefficient and redundant. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) neglects the blockage effect, which may be a reason for low efficiency during peak hours. More importantly, using HCM or other standard traffic control methods without considering the blockage effects would lead to underestimation of the delay. To overcome this issue, the authors proposed delay models by taking into account both deterministic and random aspects of vehicles arrival patterns at signalized intersections. The proposed delay model was validated through VISSIM, a microscopic simulation model. The results showed that the proposed model is very precise and accurately estimates the delay. In addition, it was found that the length of short‐lane section and proportion of right‐turn and through traffic significantly influence the approach delay. For operational purposes, the authors provided a step‐by‐step delay calculation process and presented approach delay estimates for different sets of traffic volumes, signal settings, and short‐lane section lengths. The delay estimates would be useful in evaluating adequacy of the current lengths, identifying the options of extending the short‐lane section length, or changing signal timing to reduce the likelihood of blockage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
996.
Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies have been increasingly considered as an alternative to traditional travel survey methods to collect activity-travel data. Algorithms applied to extract activity-travel patterns vary from informal ad-hoc decision rules to advanced machine learning methods and have different accuracy. This paper systematically compares the relative performance of different algorithms for the detection of transportation modes and activity episodes. In particular, naive Bayesian, Bayesian network, logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, decision table, and C4.5 algorithms are selected and compared for the same data according to their overall error rates and hit ratios. Results show that the Bayesian network has a better performance than the other algorithms in terms of the percentage correctly identified instances and Kappa values for both the training data and test data, in the sense that the Bayesian network is relatively efficient and generalizable in the context of GPS data imputation. 相似文献
997.
This paper proposes a novel short/medium-term prediction method for aviation emissions distribution in en route airspace. An en route traffic demand model characterizing both the dynamics and the fluctuation of the actual traffic demand is developed, based on which the variation and the uncertainty of the short/medium-term traffic growth are predicted. Building on the demand forecast the Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 is applied to estimate the fuel consumption and the resulting aviation emissions in the en route airspace. Based on the traffic demand prediction and the en route emissions estimation, an aviation emissions prediction model is built, which can be used to forecast the generation of en route emissions with uncertainty limits. The developed method is applied to a real data set from Hefei Area Control Center for the en route emission prediction in the next 5 years, with time granularities of both months and years. To validate the uncertainty limits associated with the emission prediction, this paper also presents the prediction results based on future traffic demand derived from the regression model widely adopted by FAA and Eurocontrol. The analysis of the case study shows that the proposed method can characterize well the dynamics and the fluctuation of the en route emissions, thereby providing satisfactory prediction results with appropriate uncertainty limits. The prediction results show a gradual growth at an average annual rate of 7.74%, and the monthly prediction results reveal distinct fluctuation patterns in the growth. 相似文献
998.
柴油机尿素 SCR 反应特性的试验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
利用可独立控制尿素喷射量的SCR系统,通过柴油机台架试验,研究了钒基催化剂温度和空速对SCR催化还原反应NOx 转化效率和反应速率的影响,以及尿素喷嘴安装位置对转化效率的影响。结果表明:NOx 转化率随着氨氮比(NH3与NOx 物质的量之比)的升高而逐渐升高,由于尿素水解和热解不完全等因素,氨氮比上升到2时NOx 转化率才可达到最大;NOx 转化率随着催化剂温度升高而升高,到400℃时基本趋于稳定,NOx 转化率随空速升高略有下降;SCR反应速率随温度的升高而升高,随空速的变化不明显;相同氨氮比时,尿素喷嘴与催化剂的距离增加,有利于NOx 转化率的升高。 相似文献
999.
利用AVL BOOST ,FIRE软件分别构建了D19高压共轨柴油机的一维仿真模型和催化型颗粒捕集器(CPF)三维模型,研究了不同进气特征参数对CPF再生过程的影响规律。计算结果表明:随大气氧浓度减小,CPF沉积颗粒的氧化速率和压降的下降速率都显著减缓,其进、出口两端的NOx 及 NO2排放降低;海拔升高不利于CPF的再生,但CPF压降和再生最高温度较低,且能有效减少CPF出口端的NO2排放;海拔对CPF再生过程的影响是大气氧浓度与大气压力的综合效应,其中大气氧浓度占主导作用;针对海拔2 km高原环境,EGR率增大至15%时,CPF再生性能已明显减弱,高原环境下采用EGR进一步加剧CPF的再生困难;EGR率对NO2的降低作用大于其对NO的降低作用。 相似文献
1000.
The connected vehicle is a rapidly emerging paradigm aimed at deploying and developing a fully connected transportation system that enables data exchange among vehicles, infrastructure, and mobile devices to improve mobility, enhance safety, and reduce the adverse environmental impacts of the transportation systems. This study focuses on micromodeling and quantitatively assessing the potential impacts of the connected vehicle (CV) on mobility, safety, and the environment. To assess the benefits of CVs, a modeling framework is developed based on traffic microsimulation for a real network located in the city of Toronto, Canada, to mimic communication between enabled vehicles. In this study, we examine the effects of providing real-time routing guidance and advisory warning messages to CVs. In addition, to take into account the rerouting in nonconnected vehicles (non-CVs) in response to varying sources of information such as apps, global positioning systems (GPS), variable message signs (VMS), or simply seeing the traffic back up, the impact of fraction of non-CV vehicles was also considered and evaluated. Therefore, vehicles in this model are divided into; uninformed/unfamiliar not connected (non-CV), informed/familiar but not connected (non-CV) that get updates infrequently every 5 minutes or so (non-CV), and connected vehicles that receive information more frequently (CV). The results demonstrate the potential of connected vehicles to improve mobility, enhance safety, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) at the network-wide level. The results also show quantitatively how the market penetration of connected vehicles proportionally affects the performance of the traffic network. While the presented results are pertinent to the specifics of the road network modeled and cannot be generalized, the quantitative figures provide researchers and practitioners with ideas of what to expect from vehicle connectivity concerning mobility, safety, and environmental improvements. 相似文献