精密单点定位（PPP）原理及其在境外工程项目中的应用

GPS精密单点定位（PPP）方法采用单台双频GPS接收机进行观测并解算获得毫米级高精度的基于ITRF框架的测站坐标,因其数据采集及数据处理方便、简单且费用低,极具实用性。简述PPP的基本原理及其精度分析,并结合近几年在境外的工程案例, 探讨该技术在类似项目中应用的可行性。     

基于多系统的浅水区管节沉放对接精密定位方法

为满足浅水区管节沉放和对接对自动化、高精度和高可靠性定位的需要,设计了基于测量塔全站仪和GPS的精密定位系统,并给出了一套完整的数据处理理论和方法.将该系统应用于管节沉放对接试验中,取得了优于2 cm的定位精度,从而验证了该系统及其数据处理方法的正确性.     

基于GPS基线向量的舰载火箭弹姿态测量方法

提出一种利用GPS载波信号相位差测量技术进行实时确定弹体姿态的方法。通过对载波相位差测量航向和姿态原理的分析,建立GPS姿态确定的单差模型,推导采用GPS多天线姿态测量技术实时获取弹体飞行姿态的解算算法,应用最小二乘法估计解算基线向量,然后对GPS姿态估计算法进行仿真计算。仿真结果验证了模型、算法的正确性和有效性。     

Review of GPS Travel Survey and GPS Data-Processing Methods

Abstract

Global positioning system (GPS) devices have been utilised in travel surveys since the late 1990s. Because GPS devices are very accurate at recording time and positional characteristics of travel, they can correct the trip-misreporting issue resulting from self-reports of travel and improve the accuracy of travel data. Although the initial idea of using GPS surveys in transport data collection was just to replace paper-based travel diaries, GPS surveys currently are being applied in a number of transport fields. Several general reviews have been done about GPS surveys in the literature review sections in some papers, but a detailed systematic review from GPS data collection to the whole procedure of GPS data processing has not been undertaken. This paper comprehensively reviews the development of GPS surveys and their applications, and GPS data processing. Different from most reviews in GPS research, this paper provides a detailed and systematic comparison between different methods from trip identification to mode and purpose detection, introduces the methods that researchers and planners are currently using, and discusses the pros and cons of those methods. Based on this review, researchers can choose appropriate methods and endeavour to improve them.     

关于铁路物流配送信息化关键技术的研究

铁路物流配送信息化是针对铁路物流企业配送作业存在口头传达、纸质作业等问题提出的解决方案.本文主要对铁路物流配送作业和作业人员需求进行分析,在此基础上设计了系统功能模块,论述了智能制定配送计划和配送车辆动态数据自动采集的方案,该系统的实施可提高物流企业的生产效率和服务质量.     

基于无线网的GPRS嵌入式船舶终端控制器的设计

随着GSM网络增值业务快速发展,GPRS成为数据终端和数据网络的一种新连接,它为终端用户提供了高速无线IP和X．25分组数据接入服务。本文介绍了实现基于GSM网络的嵌入式远程终端控制单元的设计方案,介绍了该设计的硬件模块和软件设计流程,采用S3C44BOX作为微控制器芯片,用GT47模块接人无线网络,实现了控制中心对远程终端的控制。     

GPS坐标向北京54坐标转换的方法

GPS测量得到的是WGS-84的地心空间直角坐标,而工程中通常使用地方独立坐标系。两者的转换方法一般分为平面转换模型和空间转换模型。平面转换模型原理简单,数值稳定可靠,但只适用于小范围的CPS测量;空间转换模型可用于大范围的CPS测量,按实际情况又分为七参数转换和三参数转换两种。对这两种转换模型进行介绍。     

GPS在高速公路工程施工测量中的应用

GPS（Global Positioning System）全球定位系统是美国研制并在1994年投入使用的卫星导航与定位系统,该系统已被广泛使用。重点介绍GPS-RTK在湖北宜巴高速公路松林坡大桥桩基测量中的应用,并根据实践总结了GPS-RTK在施工测量中的注意事项。     

Assessing the accuracy of the Sydney Household Travel Survey with GPS

Over the past few years, GPS has been used in a number of surveys in the US to assess the accuracy of household travel surveys. The results have been somewhat alarming in that most of these exercises have shown that the standard trip-based CATI survey conducted in the US under-reports travel by about 20–25%. It was decided to use GPS to assess the accuracy of the Sydney Household Travel Survey, a continuous survey conducted by face-to-face interviewing. The procedure used was for the interviewers to recruit households for the household travel survey in the normal manner, and then, if the household met certain criteria, to endeavour to recruit the household to also undertake a GPS survey. A small sample of about 50 households was obtained, and GPS devices successfully retrieved that measured data on the same day as the travel diary was completed. In addition, participants in the GPS survey completed a prompted recall survey a week or two later, using maps and tabulations of travel obtained from the GPS devices, to identify mode, purpose and occupancy for trips measured by the GPS, and also to check for accuracy in defining trip ends and total number of trips. Based on the analysis of the GPS compared to the diary results, it was found that respondents under-reported their travel by about 7%, which is much less than in the US CATI results. Respondents were also found to under-report travel distances and over-report travel times. There was also a high incidence of non-reporting for VKT.

基于多级网络划分的匹配道路初筛方法研究

针对GPS车辆定位系统地图匹配过程中传统匹配道路初筛方法在筛选速度和准确性方面的不足,提出了一种基于多级网络划分的匹配道路筛选方法。算法采用多级网络简单划分、层层筛选的策略,保证了初筛区域的快速、准确定位与初筛路段的准确获取,与多种传统的筛选方法,进行了基于实际数据的运行效果的对比。实证分析可知,文中提出的方法效果较好。