Effect of Explosion in a Gas Pipeline Compartment of a Utility Tunnel on Neighboring Metro Tunnels北大核心CSCD

In this paper the numerical simulation analysis of the effect of explosion in the gas pipeline compartment of a utility tunnel on neighboring metro tunnels was conducted using the software AUTODYN. The results show that the TNT equivalent in a fireproof partition with length of 200 m is 41.6 kg when the gas concentration in the gas pipeline compartment reaches 10%; the blast wave has much effect on the crown and arch waist of the round metro tunnel and it’s necessary to take some protective measures in both areas; when the surrounding soil is sand, the utili- ty tunnel is above the round metro tunnel and their alignments are in the same direction, the greater the vertical spacing between the utility tunnel and the metro tunnel, the smaller the effect of the blast wave on the metro tunnel; when the vertical spacing is 7.2 m, the maximum dynamic tensile stress is 1.86 MPa (including the static stress value of 1 MPa in the tunnel segment) and it is slightly smaller than the designed tensile strength of metro tunnel (about 1.89 MPa). The maximum vibration velocity and the maximum displacement meet the structural stability require- ments, so it is suggested the vertical spacing between the utility tunnel and metro tunnel shall not be less than 7.2 m. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

燃气轮机发电机组并联优化设计

本文分析了某船的燃气轮机发电机组的调压和调频调载原理,以及在双机并联运行时的无功分配和有功分配原理,针对两舷电站的发电机组不能长时间并联运行的局限性,提出发电机并联优化设计方案：通过增加一套均压/均功连接控制器以及修改少量接线,而无需修改原系统的软件,使任意并联发电机组之间均可进行有效的无功功率和有功功率平均分配,从而能够长时间并联运行,提高供电生命力。     

Application of new parameterizations of gas transfer velocity and their impact on regional and global marine CO2 budgets

One of the dominant sources of uncertainty in the calculation of air–sea flux of carbon dioxide on a global scale originates from the various parameterizations of the gas transfer velocity, k, that are in use. Whilst it is undisputed that most of these parameterizations have shortcomings and neglect processes which influence air–sea gas exchange and do not scale with wind speed alone, there is no general agreement about their relative accuracy.The most widely used parameterizations are based on non-linear functions of wind speed and, to a lesser extent, on sea surface temperature and salinity. Processes such as surface film damping and whitecapping are known to have an effect on air–sea exchange. More recently published parameterizations use friction velocity, sea surface roughness, and significant wave height. These new parameters can account to some extent for processes such as film damping and whitecapping and could potentially explain the spread of wind-speed based transfer velocities published in the literature.We combine some of the principles of two recently published k parameterizations [Glover, D.M., Frew, N.M., McCue, S.J. and Bock, E.J., 2002. A multiyear time series of global gas transfer velocity from the TOPEX dual frequency, normalized radar backscatter algorithm. In: Donelan, M.A., Drennan, W.M., Saltzman, E.S., and Wanninkhof, R. (Eds.), Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Geophys. Monograph 127. AGU,Washington, DC, 325–331; Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] to calculate k as the sum of a linear function of total mean square slope of the sea surface and a wave breaking parameter. This separates contributions from direct and bubble-mediated gas transfer as suggested by Woolf [Woolf, D.K., 2005. Parameterization of gas transfer velocities and sea-state dependent wave breaking. Tellus, 57B: 87–94] and allows us to quantify contributions from these two processes independently.We then apply our parameterization to a monthly TOPEX altimeter gridded 1.5° × 1.5° data set and compare our results to transfer velocities calculated using the popular wind-based k parameterizations by Wanninkhof [Wanninkhof, R., 1992. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 97: 7373–7382.] and Wanninkhof and McGillis [Wanninkhof, R. and McGillis, W., 1999. A cubic relationship between air−sea CO2 exchange and wind speed. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(13): 1889–1892]. We show that despite good agreement of the globally averaged transfer velocities, global and regional fluxes differ by up to 100%. These discrepancies are a result of different spatio-temporal distributions of the processes involved in the parameterizations of k, indicating the importance of wave field parameters and a need for further validation.     

预混合式天然气/柴油双燃料发动机若干问题的分析与探讨

天然气／柴油双燃料发动机是目前柴油机燃用清洁气体燃料的技术方案之一。通过对气质影响、替代率、动力性、热效率、燃料经济性、排放及噪声等问题的研究和探讨，提出了双燃料发动机进一步发展的意见和建议。     

燃气轮机监测系统的建模与实现

以从法国引进的ＭＳ６００１燃气轮机发电机组为研究对象,针对它开发了一套以燃气轮机循环计算、压气机和涡轮特性计算及燃气轮机变工况计算为基础的工况监测显示系统软件。该软件的开发有利于提高燃气轮机系统运行的管理水平,为全面实现燃气轮机机组的智能监测和诊断打下坚实的基础。     

IG541混合气体灭火系统在成都地铁中的应用研究

根据地下轨道交通的消防特点,结合成都地铁工程设计实例,对气体灭火系统的控制及操作方式进行深入介绍,并着重论述气体消防系统在地铁设计中的应用:从环保、安全、经济、灭火效率及对被保护对象影响等方面对七氟丙烷与IG541混合气体进行比较,具体分析两种气体环保指标ODP、GWP、ALT值和对人员安全性指标LOAEL、NOAEL、LC50值,得出IG541混合气体适合于地铁地下车站的气体灭火系统的结论。     

隧道掌子面施工风管布设方式对稀释瓦斯效果影响研究

以成贵铁路白杨林隧道为研究对象,对瓦斯隧道施工压入式通风效果进行分析,利用CFD流体动力学软件,建立模型并进行数值模拟计算,得到不同风管出口距掌子面距离下,隧道内风速流场和瓦斯浓度的分布规律,并与现场测试数据进行对比,优化流场分布,减少瓦斯在掌子面附近积聚的现象。计算结果表明:一定风速条件下,风管末端距掌子面距离直接影响施工通风效果和掌子面瓦斯浓度分布。风管末端距离掌子面越大,稀释瓦斯效果越差,掌子面瓦斯积聚现象越严重。单侧风管通风情况下,掌子面瓦斯稳定浓度为0.07%,瓦斯浓度随风管末端距掌子面的增加而升高。根据白杨林隧道瓦斯溢出和施工通风情况,得出其风管末端距掌子面距离为13m可使瓦斯不形成聚集,保证施工安全。     

高压气体长管半挂车车架高强度钢板强度等代设计

高压气体长管半挂车是输送高压气体的专用车辆,减小车架自重是提高单车运输效率的有效途径。对车架强度等代设计进行了研究,在车架结构优化的基础上用高强度钢板A610L代替原钢板16MnL,使车架重量减轻了455kg。强度等代设计后,车架强度余量增加,在实现轻量化的同时提高了车辆的安全性。     

吸能转向柱临界压缩力的设定

为防止或减少汽车碰撞对驾驶员的伤害,吸能转向柱得到广泛应用。文章通过对安全气囊气体发生器的反作用力和碰撞时方向盘下缘所受撞击力的分析,结合碰撞中不同情况下乘员头部和胸部对转向柱的撞击情况,确定了不同工况对吸能转向柱临界压缩力设定的影响,并最终指出如何结合安全带的选用及安全气囊的匹配情况来设定吸能转向柱的临界压缩力。     

瓦窑岭瓦斯隧道施工通风技术

通过瓦窑岭瓦斯隧道施工通风设计,介绍了高瓦斯隧道施工期间方案、通风计算、风机的选型、瓦斯的处置措施以及施工经验总结。