基于均值漂移粒子滤波的目标跟踪算法研究

针对粒子滤波计算量大的问题,将视觉跟踪领域的均值漂移算法（Mean Shift）与粒子滤波（PF）算法相结合,该算法利用均值漂移算法在重采样之后将粒子收敛到靠近目标真实状态的区域内,改善了传统粒子滤波器的退化现象,减少了算法的运行时间,通过被动跟踪仿真实例,同时使用均值漂移粒子滤波与传统粒子滤波进行跟踪仿真,分析了轨迹跟踪性能,利用均方根误差比较了误差性能。仿真结果表明,Mean Shift PF具有更高的跟踪精度,并且运行时间显著减少。     

利用四阶累积量实现数字调相信号子类识别*

短波通信信号调制方式的非合作识别在通信侦察识别中占有十分重要的地位。文中针对BPSK、QPSK、π／4‐QPSK、π／4‐DQPSK、8PSK五种常见短波通信信号,提出了一种利用信号瞬时自相关四阶累积量作为识别特征的分类算法。该算法解决了π／4‐QPSK、π／4‐DQPSK、8PSK三种相移键控信号具有相同星座图和高阶累量而无法区分的问题,并进行了理论计算,通过M atlab仿真验证了该方法在低信噪比条件下,有很好地抑制平稳高斯白噪声的作用,算法具有一定的稳健性。     

双联齿轮坯少无飞边成形工艺及模具研究

针对目前双联齿轮坯加热次数多、飞边大、其后续机加式余量大、浪费材料、能源、成本高和投资大的现状，提出了一次加热、压机一次工作循环就可成形的双向挤镦复合工艺，实现少无飞边双联齿轮毛坯的成形。根据双联齿轮形状特点及挤镦复合工艺要求，确定了挤镦复合工艺模具的结构，并通过试验对其模具结构和挤镦复合成形双联齿轮坯工艺加以检验。     

便携式手动钢轨钻孔装置的研制与应用

传统钢轨钻孔作业机具尺寸大,占用劳力多,费时费力。通过分析钢轨打孔工作原理,研制了便携式手动钢轨钻孔装置,具有结构简单,体积小巧,便于携带的特点。介绍了该装置的结构、工作原理、创新特点和相关参数等。     

Shifting from car to active transport: A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions

IntroductionA promising way to stimulate physical activity is to promote the choice for active modes of transport (walking and cycling). Over the past years, several interventions and policies have been implemented to stimulate this mode shift. However, information concerning the effectiveness of these interventions and policies is still limited. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the effectiveness of interventions designed to stimulate a shift from car use to cycling or walking and to obtain insight into the intervention tools that have been used to promote and/or implement these interventions.MethodsFive databases were searched and articles published in English, Dutch, German, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish were included. Only studies that focussed on a mode shift from car use towards active transport in a general adult population, which were published in peer reviewed journals and which investigated effectiveness were included. Intervention tools used were categorized by using the model of Hoogerwerf & Herweijer, as either legal, economic (subsidy, reward system, penalty), communicative (written materials, behavioural tools) and physical tools (providing bicycles, providing better bicycle facilities at work, adjustment of the environment).ResultsNineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Studies included described work-place-based interventions, architectural and urbanistic adjustments, population-wide interventions, and bicycle-renting systems. Nearly all studies (except three) showed positive effects concerning a mode shift. Most of the included studies used more than one intervention tool and the tools used differed between types of interventions. However, information about the statistical significance of these results was often lacking and the study methodologies used were not of high quality.ConclusionNearly all studies showed results in a positive direction. However, the quality of the included studies was mostly low and intervention characteristics were poorly described.     

The potential mitigation of CO2 emissions via modal substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel from a life cycle perspective – An Australian case study

The objective of this study is to provide a strategic evaluation of the mitigation of CO₂ emissions via modal substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel on the Sydney–Melbourne, Australia city-pair from a life cycle perspective. It has been demonstrated that when considering CO₂ emissions from vehicle operations, the modal shift from air to high-speed rail on this city-pair has the potential to provide a means of CO₂ mitigation. However, uncertainty exists with regard to the level of mitigation potential when considering the whole-of-life performance of the systems. Given the significant difference in the infrastructure requirements between the air mode and the high-speed rail mode, this study quantifies the life cycle CO₂ load attributable to each system and examines the effect on CO₂ mitigation potential. The study concluded that while the inclusion of the linehaul infrastructure did increase the CO₂ load associated with high-speed rail mode, it did not equate to or exceed the CO₂ load per trip as experienced by the air mode. The avoided annual life cycle CO₂ emission in the target year 2056 was 0.37 Mt representing an 18% reduction when compared to the air mode only on the city pair. In fact, the scenario comparison indicated that the substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel on the city pair resulted in CO₂ emissions avoidance throughout the longitudinal period.     

AMT换挡冲击产生机理与对策研究

文中研究了自动机械变速器(AMT)在换挡时同步器未起作用而产生冲击的问题,分析了产生换挡冲击的机理并确定了换挡执行机构的最优运动速度.据此,提出了消除冲击的换挡控制方法,并在某载货车的变速器上进行实验验证.结果表明该方法能够有效避免车辆在换挡过程中产生冲击的现象.     

SiC（0001）（√3×√3）R30°结构的XPS分析

不断加热富硅SiC（0001）样品,分别用低能电子衍射（LEED）仪,扫描隧道显微镜（STM）观察,当加热到950℃时,出现SiC（0001）（√3×√3）R30°重构面的LEED和STM图样.利用X射线光电子能谱仪,记录发自SiC（0001）（√3×√3）R30°结构的角分辨X射线光电子能谱（XPS）.采用最小二乘法,对内层能级的能量进行解旋,使其与实验数据拟合.分析实验结果,得出SiC（0001）（√3×√3）R30°结构中Si2p和C1s的能态结构,并与体内的Si2p和C1s的能态进行比较,得出表面Si2p态的能量漂移,进而发现SiC（0001）（√3×√3）R30°重构面仅由硅原子形成.     

双离合器式自动变速器系统

双离合器式自动变速器是基于手动变速器发展而来的，其工作原理是通过将变速器挡位按奇、偶数分开布置，分别与两个离合器连接，通过离合器的交替切换完成换挡过程，以实现动力换挡。它综合了AMT的优势和AT动力换挡的优点，具有很好的换挡品质和车辆动力性、经济性，比较适合我国目前以手动变速器占主导地位的情况.