寒区隧道温度场分布规律及保温层适应性研究

为了研究寒区隧道的防寒保温设计问题,采用数值分析方法探讨不同外界气温、围岩地温以及有无保温层等条件下寒区隧道温度场的分布规律和保温层适应性研究,并采用叠加原理、分离变量法和贝塞尔特征函数建立列车风影响下寒区隧道温度场的计算模型,分析有无列车运行条件下寒区隧道温度场的变化规律。研究结果表明:由于二衬后出现负温分布对隧道衬砌结构安全性影响较大,因此建议将二衬后不出现负温分布作为寒区隧道保温措施的控制指标;在不考虑列车风影响条件下,保温层法最佳适用于最冷月平均气温为-2~-15℃的地区,当最冷月平均气温低于-15℃、围岩地温低于5℃时,保温层法应与主动保温措施相结合;当列车运行速度为300km/h、运行间隔为30 min时,通车与不通车相比隧道洞内中间位置平均气温下降约1.22℃,二衬后沿隧道进深方向出现负温的距离约增加36.8%。     

超大型矿砂船典型节点优化设计研究

以两条超大型矿砂船为例,采用节点细化有限元分析方法,对一系列高应力区域进行研究。以双层底局部短纵桁与内底/外底纵骨连接处、槽型横舱壁与纵舱壁相交处、边舱平面横舱壁水平桁趾部等位置为例,对应力集中节点的结构优化方案进行了比较计算,得到的结论对这些区域的节点设计具有一定指导意义。     

季节性冻土地区客运专线路基基床结构优化

对季节性冻土地区客运专线的路基基床结构进行了优化,通过现场填筑试验证实优化后的路基基床填筑方案,即铺设两布一膜,上覆5 cm中粗砂,再铺设55 cm厚级配碎石达到了检验标准,可在所研究的工程中推广使用。同时提出采用C25纤维混凝土代替原设计8 cm沥青混凝土作为防水层,优化后的防水层在施工操作性和质量保证方面有较大优势。     

基于MS-RG混合图像分割模型的道路检测研究

道路场景因其结构的多样性、纹理变化的复杂性和自然曝光的不稳定性,使得传统基于道路分割的道路检测方法大多存在信息冗余,并且存在边界丢失、模糊等质量问题.本文首先在道路图像上使用 Meanshift均值漂移算法,通过空间内的概率密度呈梯形上升去寻找局部最优,并搜索属于同一模点的像素然后生成获得超像素块.然后利用 Meanshift算法获得的聚类超像素块进行多种子点区域生长,规范生长规则,克服不能得到封闭边界的缺陷,改进道路图像的分割效果.实验结果表明,本文提出的模型适用性强,相比于传统方法有效地提升了分割准确性和实时性,可准确识别出图像中的道路信息,确保车辆能够行驶在可行驶区域上.     

沿海滩涂区桩基施工

泉州后渚大桥位于大潮差滩涂区,引桥采用桩基筑岛施工,介绍筑岛施工要注意的问题及应对办法。     

Crash prediction model for two-lane rural highways in the Ashanti region of Ghana

Crash Prediction Models (CPMs) have been used elsewhere as a useful tool by road Engineers and Planners. There is however no study on the prediction of road traffic crashes on rural highways in Ghana. The main objective of the study was to develop a prediction model for road traffic crashes occurring on the rural sections of the highways in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The model was developed for all injury crashes occurring on selected rural highways in the Region over the three (3) year period 2005–2007. Data was collected from 76 rural highway sections and each section varied between 0.8 km and 6.7 km. Data collected for each section comprised injury crash data, traffic flow and speed data, and roadway characteristics and road geometry data. The Generalised Linear Model (GLM) with Negative Binomial (NB) error structure was used to estimate the model parameters. Two types of models, the ‘core’ model which included key exposure variables only and the ‘full’ model which included a wider range of variables were developed. The results show that traffic flow, highway segment length, junction density, terrain type and presence of a village settlement within road segments were found to be statistically significant explanatory variables (p < 0.05) for crash involvement. Adding one junction to a 1 km section of road segment was found to increase injury crashes by 32.0% and sections which had a village settlement within them were found to increase injury crashes by 60.3% compared with segments with no settlements. The model explained 61.2% of the systematic variation in the data. Road and Traffic Engineers and Planners can apply the crash prediction model as a tool in safety improvement works and in the design of safer roads. It is recommended that to improve safety, highways should be designed to by-pass village settlements and that the number of junctions on a highway should be limited to carefully designed ones.     

空间六索面斜拉桥钢桥塔拉索锚固区受力分析及结构优化

依据钢桥塔的结构形式和受力特点,建立钢桥塔节段的板壳有限元模型,对索塔锚固区进行有限元静力分析,得出索塔锚固区的应力分布特征,通过减小塔壁与横隔板厚度、在锚固区支撑加劲肋间加水平加劲肋等对锚固区的结构进行优化,使上横隔板的应力集中现象得到了很好的解决,且传力较流畅。     

兰新高铁路基压实质量孔隙率检测标准探讨

通过兰新高速铁路第二双线路基试验段工程孔隙率n检测值的分析认为,对于戈壁地区粗粒土的压实检测,现行孔隙率检测指标不合理,孔隙率标准可予减小。建议现场实测时控制标准:基床以下路堤孔隙率n≤28%,基床底层孔隙率n≤25%。     

寒区隧道冻胀压力的约束冻胀模型

评价了中国主要的冻胀压力分析模型,在存水空间模型的基础上,分析了冻胀水体的形变约束特征,提出了冻胀压力类似于气体压力的约束冻胀模型,并给出了相应的理论分析公式;计算分析了冻胀压力的作用位置、冻胀水体尺度、围岩和衬砌刚度等对衬砌结构安全度的影响及分布规律。结果表明:该模型表现了冻胀压力为局部荷载的特征,同时考虑了衬砌和围岩刚度对冻胀压力的影响,并可模拟存水空间内的冻胀水体为任何多面体形状;增加衬砌刚度仍是提高衬砌抗冻能力的有效措施。     

黄土地区地铁施工地层参数敏感性分析

针对黄土地区某地铁区间隧道盾构施工引起地层沉降位移,通过FLAC3D三维有限差分软件,模拟了实际地层条件及盾构施工方法,分析了地层的弹性模量、黏聚力、摩擦角对地表沉降的影响。研究得到了黄土地层弹性模量、黏聚力、摩擦角对数值仿真运算的影响范围,对工程的设计和施工起到了一定的指导意义。