基于ANP和粗糙集计算权重的绿色铁路客站评估

建设满足节能环保要求的绿色铁路客站,是我国铁路发展的趋势所在,因此铁路客站的绿色等级评估是极有必要的。通过建立绿色铁路客站四节一环保评价指标体系,以网络层次分析法(ANP)确定指标主观权重,经典粗糙集理论确定指标客观权重,再通过最小相对熵原理对二者进行优化结合,最后用得出的指标综合权重对银川新铁路客站进行绿色星级评估。结果表明:该权重确定方法既克服了因未考虑各指标之间的依存反馈关系而使主观权重不够准确的弊端,又利用相对熵原理优化并减小了主、客观权重结合的偏差,得出科学合理的组合权重,体现本文指标权重确定方法的有效性和优越性,为更加准确地评估铁路客站的绿色等级提供参考。     

接地面部分溶化条件下冰面轮胎摩擦力的研究

综合运用流体动力润滑理论的能量守恒定律，提出了接地面部分溶化条件下冰面上汽车轮胎的摩擦力或牵引力的理论计算模型。证明了正常工作条件下，接地面上冰产生溶化的可能。对不同制动和驱动条件下轮胎摩擦力进行了计算，取得了同试验数据吻合很好的预测结果。并同已有预测模型进行了比较，比较结果表明：本文依据严格的润滑理论所推导出的冰面轮胎牵引力模型比其它已有理论模型更接近试验结果。     

基于绿色交通理念的深圳市盐田区交通规划探索与实践

绿色交通已经成为建设低碳社会的有效抓手,是当今世界城市交通发展的必然趋势。首先介绍了绿色交通的内涵与基本特征,提出了绿色交通的发展内容与模式;在借鉴国内外绿色交通发展经验的基础上,并在深圳市绿色交通体系及模式的指引下,对深圳市国家生态城区——盐田区进行了绿色交通规划的探索。结合盐田区城市土地空间不足、生态资源受约束的现实条件,采取了空间差异性交通发展模式,并着重分析了地区公共交通系统、自行车、山海步行系统的发展规划思路。     

基于项目驱动式教学法的高职基础会计课程教学设计

项目驱动式教学法是一种注重学生职业能力培养的教学法。文中以基础会计教学过程中的一个项目设计为例,指出了如何运用项目驱动式教学法进行教学,并分析了运用项目驱动式教学法时应注意的几个问题。     

基于时域格林函数法的船舶有航速问题数值求解

为了解决船舶以恒定速度在波浪中运动的水动力问题,文章开发了基于瞬时格林函数方法的三维时域计算程序。从数值精度和计算效率的角度出发,采用了精细时程法和一些数学上的推导计算时域格林函数的波动部分及其导数。并对Wigley型船进行了数值计算,通过水动力系数与试验数据及文献结果的比较,验证了三维时域计算程序的可靠性。     

Factors with the greatest influence on drivers' judgment of roundabouts safety. An analysis based on web survey in Italy

The aim of this paper is to identify the roundabout geometric characteristics affecting the safety perception while the typical maneuvers (entry, circulation, exit) are being carried out. The tool used was an on-line questionnaire, filled out by about 1.650 respondents. Four different dimensionality reduction methods (Cluster Analysis, Correspondence Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis) were used to analyze the data collected from the survey, in order to examine the key factors affecting the safety perception during the typical roundabout maneuvers. The considerations arising from the final model are the following: 1) the respondents' opinions regarding the safety perception of maneuvers are not preconceived ideas, but they originate from specific safety perceptions due to roundabout geometric configurations; 2) the users prefer definitely single lane roundabouts; this is an important confirmation of most results in the literature; 3) it was quantified the extent of the relationship between the safety perception of the typical roundabout maneuvers and the following aspects: a) maneuver type, b) geometric characteristics of the roundabouts design elements. This is the innovative aspect of the present research whose results have implications regarding theory, infrastructure and the application of new safety technologies.     

三维泰勒展开边界元方法及其数值验证

  目的  运用边界元法计算船舶兴波阻力基本上是先求解船体附近的速度分布,然后采用伯努利方程进行压力积分,其计算过程复杂,且误差非常大。  方法  提出一种可快速计算船舶兴波阻力的复合算法,利用Rankine源格林函数求解船体表面源强,结合Lagally定理进行受力计算,并基于Kelvin源格林函数求解船舶兴波阻力。运用该算法对Wigley船的兴波阻力进行计算。  结果  计算结果表明,所用算法相较于运用线性兴波阻力中的薄船理论得到的结果精度更高,而且与完全使用Kelvin源格林函数的算法相比效率也更高。  结论  所用算法可在计算兴波阻力时作为精度与效率之间的一种折中方法。     

驾驶过程中手机使用行为数据采集及分析

驾驶过程中使用手机的行为存在安全隐患,是当今导致交通安全事故的原因之一.文章借助于信息技术开发出采集使用手机行为数据的App,从真实数据出发,客观地分析驾驶员在开车过程中使用手机这一不良驾驶行为的覆盖程度及危险程度,并提出将手机使用行为作为驾驶风险评价因子.     

Field tests of a dynamic green driving strategy based on inter-vehicle communication

This paper presents the design and results for field tests regarding the environmental benefits in stop-and-go traffic of an algorithmic green driving strategy based on inter-vehicle communication (IVC), which was proposed in Yang and Jin (2014). The green driving strategy dynamically calculates advisory speed limits for vehicles equipped with IVC devices so as to smooth their speed profiles and reduce their emissions and fuel consumption. For the field tests, we develop a smartphone-based IVC system, in which vehicles’ speeds and locations are collected by GPS and accelerometer sensors embedded in smartphones, and communications among vehicles are enabled by specially designed smartphone applications, a central server, and 4G cellular networks. Six field tests are carried out on an uninterrupted ring road under slow or fast stop-and-go traffic conditions. We compare the performances of three alternatives: no green driving, heuristic green driving, and the IVC-based algorithmic green driving. Results show that heuristic green driving has better smoothing and environmental effects than no green driving, but the IVC-based algorithmic green driving outperforms both. In the future, we are interested in field tests under more realistic traffic conditions.