干线交叉口信号灯线控系统配时设计实例分析

对城市主干道进行"绿波"信号配时设计,可以最大限度地节省车辆停留及等待时间,提高道路设施的综合效益。在交通调查的基础上,对金华市八一南街与李渔路、宾虹路相交的十字交叉口主干道方向进行线控配时方案设计,并利用VISSIM交通模拟软件对线控配时方案进行仿真验证,结果显示通过线控方案设计可以使车辆在交叉口平均延误时间明显减少。     

Vehicle sensor data-based analysis on the driving style differences between operating indoor simulator and on-road instrumented vehicle

Abstract

Indoor simulator and on-road instrumented vehicle are the most popular ways to analyze driving behaviors by using collected Vehicle Sensor Data (VSD). However, for a same driver, the driving performance could be different in the real world and in the simulated world. Even though many studies have been conducted to discover the differences of driving behaviors in these two circumstances, little research has focused on analyzing the differences in driving style, which can provide more integrated knowledge of a driver from the natural structure, stimulus–response mechanism, of driving behaviors. Therefore, in this paper, the driving styles in both the real world and the simulated world are extracted by implementing the nonnegative matrix factorization method on the collected VSD data. Through this analysis, the driving style differences can be quantitatively described and discussed in detail. It is found that the drivers tend to be more unstable and sometimes aggressive when driving the simulator and the deviation in the perception of temporal gap in two circumstances is also discovered. The research findings are particularly valuable to calibrate the driving simulator and construct more reliable driving behavior models.     

基于深度学习的驾驶员状态识别

提出了基于驾驶员脸部及周围信息的驾驶员状态检测方法。文章通过实车摄像头采集了驾驶员驾驶状态视频数据,利用Dlib和OpenCV库对采集的驾驶员图像进行脸部检测,基于驾驶员脸部数据建立了深度学习数据集,然后基于该数据集设计了一种卷积神经网络模型FaceNet,利用PyTorch深度学习框架在数据集上对模型进行训练,最终得到了有较高准确率的驾驶员状态检测模型,其可识别抽烟、睡觉、左手打电话和右手打电话四种驾驶员状态。     

基于ANP和粗糙集计算权重的绿色铁路客站评估

建设满足"节能环保"要求的绿色铁路客站,是我国铁路发展的趋势所在,因此铁路客站的绿色等级评估是极有必要的。通过建立绿色铁路客站"四节一环保"评价指标体系,以网络层次分析法(ANP)确定指标主观权重,经典粗糙集理论确定指标客观权重,再通过最小相对熵原理对二者进行优化结合,最后用得出的指标综合权重对银川新铁路客站进行绿色星级评估。结果表明:该权重确定方法既克服了因未考虑各指标之间的依存反馈关系而使主观权重不够准确的弊端,又利用相对熵原理优化并减小了主、客观权重结合的偏差,得出科学合理的组合权重,体现本文指标权重确定方法的有效性和优越性,为更加准确地评估铁路客站的绿色等级提供参考。     

A measurement to driving situation awareness in signalized intersections

Drivers get involved easily in Left-Turn Across Path with Opposite Direction Traffic (LTAP-OD) conflicts at signalized intersection with unprotected left-turn phasing. This study classified the left-turn drivers’ performance into four types: (1) the correct acceptance of safe lags/gaps, (2) the correct rejection of dangerous lags/gaps, (3) the false rejection of safe lags/gaps and (4) the false acceptance of dangerous lags/gaps. Based on the high mounted video camera data, the logistic regression model was used to obtain the critical gaps for estimating whether the lags/gaps were safe or not. The results show that the cognition behavior of the left-turn drivers should be improved while the gap/lag is drawn near the critical gap. Furthermore, the conservative drivers are more likely to reject the larger lags/gaps and yield the right-of-way to the opposing vehicles. Simultaneously the poor response execution may cause drivers to have difficulties during the turning performance when the lags/gaps are large enough. These results could be used as the basis for a discussion of the right time to support the drivers.     

Factors with the greatest influence on drivers' judgment of roundabouts safety. An analysis based on web survey in Italy

The aim of this paper is to identify the roundabout geometric characteristics affecting the safety perception while the typical maneuvers (entry, circulation, exit) are being carried out. The tool used was an on-line questionnaire, filled out by about 1.650 respondents. Four different dimensionality reduction methods (Cluster Analysis, Correspondence Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis) were used to analyze the data collected from the survey, in order to examine the key factors affecting the safety perception during the typical roundabout maneuvers. The considerations arising from the final model are the following: 1) the respondents' opinions regarding the safety perception of maneuvers are not preconceived ideas, but they originate from specific safety perceptions due to roundabout geometric configurations; 2) the users prefer definitely single lane roundabouts; this is an important confirmation of most results in the literature; 3) it was quantified the extent of the relationship between the safety perception of the typical roundabout maneuvers and the following aspects: a) maneuver type, b) geometric characteristics of the roundabouts design elements. This is the innovative aspect of the present research whose results have implications regarding theory, infrastructure and the application of new safety technologies.     

城市轨道交通列车驾驶仿真器研究

城市轨道交通列车驾驶仿真器是城市轨道交通部门进行技能培训的高科技设备,能够进行精确的列车操纵性能仿真和逼真的列车驾驶环境仿真。基本功能包括模拟操纵功能、列车动力学计算功能、故障判断培训功能、视景和声音仿真功能以及运动仿真功能。针对城市轨道交通特点,给出了轨道交通列车驾驶仿真器的运行仿真数学模型,提出采用分布式计算机体系结构、MPEG视频压缩技术和基于DirectSound技术的多媒体声音系统,设计具有4层5自由度液压运动平台的驾驶仿真器。并基于以上技术完成了北京地铁交流传动电动客车列车驾驶仿真器的研制,成功应用于北京地铁技术学校学员和北京地铁司机的教育培训。     

格林函数在船舶磁场计算中的应用

文章首先通过引入半空间区域的格林函数,推导出船舶空间磁场分布的理论计算公式;然后,应用离散方法将双重积分转化为双重求和,得出了可用于船舶空间磁场工程计算的实际公式,具有实用价值。     

隧道掘进的半循环通风探讨

探讨了隧道掘进的半循环通风方式，分析了排尘和排烟过程。讨论了半循环通风方法应用于隧道掘进的可能性。