Dynamic green bike repositioning problem – A hybrid rolling horizon artificial bee colony algorithm approach

This paper introduces a new dynamic green bike repositioning problem (DGBRP) that simultaneously minimizes the total unmet demand of the bike-sharing system and the fuel and CO₂ emission cost of the repositioning vehicle over an operational period. The problem determines the route and the number of bikes loaded and unloaded at each visited node over a multi-period operational horizon during which the cycling demand at each node varies from time to time. To handle the dynamic nature of the problem, this study adopts a rolling horizon approach to break down the proposed problem into a set of stages, in which a static bike repositioning sub-problem is solved in each stage. An enhanced artificial bee colony (EABC) algorithm and a route truncation heuristic are jointly used to optimize the route design in each stage, and the loading and unloading heuristic is used to tackle the loading and unloading sub-problem along the route in a given stage. Numerical results show that the EABC algorithm outperforms Genetic Algorithm in solving the routing sub-problem. Computation experiments are performed to illustrate the effect of the stage duration on the two objective values, and the results show that longer stage duration leads to higher total unmet demand and total fuel and CO₂ emission cost. Numerical studies are also performed to illustrate the effects of the weight and the loading and unloading times on the two objective values and the tradeoff between the two objectives.     

A risk-based first-principles approach to assessing green seas loading on the hatch covers of bulk carriers in extreme weather conditions

This paper aims to present and explain the work undertaken at the SSRC on the Safety of Bulk Carriers in extreme weather conditions over the past 3 years, to draw conclusions deriving there from, concerning key influencing design, operational and environmental parameters and to offer recommendations regarding the rule development process and on the way forward considering research, development and implementation to ship design and operation with the view to improving the safety of these ships cost-effectively. In severe storms, hatch covers of low freeboard vessels such as bulk carriers are the first-line of protection against flooding. Present methods of hatch covers design are still empirical because impact loads due to green seas and structural behaviour due to this type of loads have not been examined, hence not known accurately. The loading due to green seas is implicitly non-linear and, as model test results demonstrated, bulk carriers in extreme conditions are exposed to significant loads, which in some cases exceed current design standards. Since the consequences of hatch cover failure are potentially catastrophic, the risk of this happening should be quantified in probabilistic terms as required by modern safety standards. To this end, the paper aims to propose and implement a methodology for estimating probabilities of deck wetness and impact loads due to green seas as a function of key design and operational parameters.     

Fast Prediction of Acoustic Radiation from a Hemi-capped Cylindrical Shell in Waveguide

In order to predict acoustic radiation from a structure in waveguide, a method based on wave superposition is proposed, in which the free-space Green＇s function is used to match the strength of equivalent sources. In addition, in order to neglect the effect of sound reflection from boundaries, necessary treatment is conducted, which makes the method more efficient. Moreover, this method is combined with the sound propagation algorithms to predict the sound radiated from a cylindrical shell in waveguide. Numerical simulations show the effect of how reflections can be neglected if the distance between the structure and the boundary exceeds the maximum linear dimension of the structure. It also shows that the reflection from the bottom of the waveguide can be approximated by plane wave conditionally. The proposed method is more robust and efficient in computation, which can be used to predict the acoustic radiation in waveguide.     

奥运区域赛后交通需求管理措施研究

根据赛后奥运区域的发展特点,制定了适用于该区域的交通需求管理措施及不同的组合,并以奥运区域的路网容量为约束条件,建立了奥运区域赛后交通需求管理最佳决策的优化模型,同时借助计算机模拟结果分析确定了最佳方案。     

Analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics for arbitrary multihull ships advancing in waves

Multihull vessels have emerged as popular alternatives to conventional monohull ships for high-speed crafts. However, the bridging structures connecting the hulls are vulnerable to various wave actions and the wave impact on the bottom of them is the most serious problems associated with multihulled vessels. In this study, prediction of relative wave elevations under the bridging structures is investigated for multihull ships traveling with forward speed in waves. A computer code YNU-SEA using the three-dimensional (3D) Green function method with forward speed has been developed and used to analyze the hydrodynamic radiation and diffraction forces and motion responses for high-speed catamarans in waves. The results of the present calculations are compared with those of previous calculations as well as with experimental results. The numerical results reveal that the present computer code can be used as a powerful tool for the accurate numerical computation of seakeeping problems for multihull ships advancing in waves. Numerical calculations of wave pattern are also carried out including wave interactions between the hulls to analyze the effects of hull form on the free surface flow around catamarans advancing in waves. The analysis of the wave pattern allows the determination of relative wave height including radiation and diffraction waves. Finally, some discussions are included based on these numerical results which may be helpful for the accurate prediction of relative wave height and wave breaking load on the deck associated with multihull ships.     

Long-term prediction method for the green water load and volume for an assessment of the load line

 To develop a practical prediction method for the green water load and volume on the bow deck in irregular waves, model tests were conducted using a tanker and a cargo ship on a domestic Japanese voyage. The relation between green water load and relative water height at the stem was considered. Based on the finding that the maximum value of the green water load is proportional to the square of the maximum value of the water elevation over the bow top, the probability density functions of the green water load and volume in short-term predictions were proposed. It was verified that the proposed functions show good agreement with the measured distributions, especially in the tails, and were better than conventional functions. Using these functions, long-term predictions of the green water load were carried out. It was confirmed that the present method is more rational than the conventional one for estimating the long-term probability of the green water load. An assessment of the bow height of a domestic Japanese ship from the viewpoint of deck wetness was carried out using these prediction methods. This research was used as the technical background for the revision of domestic rules on load lines, which was enforced in October 2001. Received: July 19, 2002 / Accepted: October 30, 2002 Acknowledgment. Some of the present study was carried out as part of a cooperation project (RR45) with the Shipbuilding Research Association of Japan, supported by the Nippon Foundation. Address correspondence to: Y. Ogawa (e-mail: ogawa@nmri.go.jp)     

动力电池系统在运输船舶上的应用现状与展望

在国际社会大力提倡和发展绿色船舶技术的趋势下,动力电池系统因其具有运营期间“零排放”的优势,在运输船舶中的应用得到了广泛关注。论文分析了船舶动力电池推进系统的组成,介绍了动力电池系统在国内外运输船舶中的应用现状,论述了动力电池管理系统、直流组网技术和充电技术等关键技术的研究进展,并对船舶电池动力系统的发展进行展望,以期为动力电池系统在船舶中的工程化应用和研究提供参考。     

谐振面力作用下的无穷大双周期加筋板的振动响应分析

文章主要研究了流体负载下的无穷大双周期加筋薄板,在周期谐振力作用下的振动响应。假设薄板和加强筋只存在法向力的作用,通过薄板和加强筋的位移连续条件,以及格林函数及傅立叶变换公式的应用,建立了频域内双周期加筋薄板的振动位移方程。利用空间波数法,将加筋薄板的振动位移表达为波数分量的迭加形式。通过数值计算的方法对波数分量进行求解,最后通过方程的傅立叶逆变换,得到了加筋薄板的振动方程。数值计算的结果表明文中的计算方法收敛速度快。     

中国高速铁路绿色通道建设目前存在的问题和合理化建议

随着中国高速铁路的快速发展,高速铁路绿色通道建设作为其基础设施的组成部分,对促进和谐铁路建设和提升运输服务质量都显得尤为重要。但在实际铁路建设过程中,由于铁路绿色通道建设所受重视程度不够、建设标准低下、绿化手法相对单一等原因,导致高速铁路绿色通道建设水平比较滞后。为了确保高速铁路绿色通道的更好实施,分析高速铁路绿色通道建设目前所存在的问题,并从设计和施工的角度对高速铁路绿色通道建设提出合理化建议,归纳和总结了高速铁路绿色通道建设模式,倡导多样化绿色景观,旨在为今后的高速铁路绿色通道建设提供参考依据。     

Exploring the trade-off between greenhouse gas emissions and travel time in daily travel decisions: Route and departure time choices

This study analyzes the problem of conflicting travel time and emissions minimization in context of daily travel decisions. The conflict occurs because the least travel time option does not always lead to least emissions for the trip. Experiments are designed and conducted to collect data on daily trips. Random parameter (mixed) logit models accounting for correlations among repeated observations are estimated to find the trade-off between emissions and travel time. Our results show that the trade-off values vary with contexts such as route and departure time choice scenarios. Further, we find that the trade-off values are different for population groups representing male, female, individuals from high income households, and individuals who prefer bike for daily commute. Based on the findings, several policies are proposed that can help to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation networks. This is one of the first exploratory studies that analyzes travel decisions and the corresponding trade-off when emissions related information are provided to the road users.