浅水中航行船舶的水动力系数

本文利用切片理论数值研究了浅水中前进船舶的水动力系数.为计及水深的影响,采用简单格林函数方法求解剖面水动力系数,提出了满足辐射条件的一种较方便的数值方法.计算了一数学船型的水动力系数,并与有关文献结果比较验证了数值方法的可行性.数值结果显示了水底效应对航行船舶水动力的影响,为进一步研究浅水航行船舶的耐波性提供了基础.     

SPSM and its application in cylindrical shells

In naval architectures, the structure of prismatic shell is used widely. But there is no suitable method to analyze this kind of structure. Stiffened prismatic shell method (SPSM) presented in this paper, is one of the harmonic semi-analytic methods. Theoretically, strong stiffened structure can be analyzed economically and accurately. SPSM is based on the analytical solution of the governing differential equations for orthotropic cylindrical shells. In these differential equations, the torsional stiffness, bending stiffness and the exact position of each stiffener are taken into account with the Heaviside singular function. An algorithm is introduced, in which the actions of stiffeners on shells are replaced by external loads at each stiffener position. Stiffened shells can be computed as non-stiffened shells. Eventually, the displacement solution of the equations is acquired by the introduction of Green function. The stresses in a corrugated transverse bulkhead without pier base of an oil tanker are computed by using SPSM.     

船舶上浪预报中甲板上浪的统计分析

本文从船艏和波面的垂向相对运动预报出发，从统计意义上给出表征上浪严重程度的甲板上浪的定量分析，进而为预报敞口集装箱船进水量提供依据。在止浪延续时间的分布函为九计算中了以往的计算方法。     

Study of algorithms of new slender ship theory of wave resistance

In this paper, Noblesse‘s New Slender-Ship Wave-Making Theory was investigated numerically. Detailed expressions of zeroth and 1st order wave resistance have been derived and calculation programs have also been compiled. In the single and double integral terms of Green function, the kernel function of wave resistance expression, special function expansion method and Chebyshev polynomials approach have been adopted respectively, which greatly simplify the calculation and increase the convergence speed.     

基于自适应多尺度积阈值的钢轨裂纹红外图像增强

利用红外热波技术检测钢轨斜裂纹伤损所得的红外图像存在整体亮度偏暗、边缘对比度低和纹理细节模糊的缺点,对测量裂纹的扩展深度不利。对此,本文提出一种基于非子采样Contourlet变换NSCT(Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform)的自适应多尺度积阈值AMPT(Adaptive Multiscale Products Thresholding)钢轨裂纹红外图像增强算法。对图像进行NSCT分解得到不同尺度不同方向上的子带系数,由子带系数自适应地确定阈值并调整增强函数,将阈值作用于每一子带的多尺度积,对阈值化操作后的子带系数进行增强处理和逆变换,实现图像增强。实验结果表明:该算法在抑制噪声和提高图像整体对比度的基础上,有效突出了目标图像的边缘,对裂纹内部微弱细节纹理的增强效果优于其他传统的红外图像增强方法,为进一步提取代表裂纹深度的关键像素提供了有力支撑。     

铁路产品认证实施规则的研究

结合我国铁路产品认证制度及认证要求的发展变化,介绍目前铁路产品认证实施规则的基本结构组成和编制铁路产品认证实施规则遵循的基本要求、编写方法。重点研究我国铁路转变管理方式后,第1批采信目录共计242种产品认证实施规则的编制过程,指出编制过程中遇到的主要技术问题,探索适合我国铁路产品的认证实施规则结构模式。     

Reducing speed and fuel transfer of the Green Flag Incentive Program in Kaohsiung Port Taiwan

This research applied the Green Flag Program to assess the benefits of reducing speed and fuel transfer for large merchant vessels (bulk and container) entering Kaohsiung Port. This study adopts an activity-based model to calculate fuel consumption and emissions, as well as setting up two scenarios, (1) decrease vessel speed to 12 knots 20 nm away from port; and (2) decrease vessel speed to 12 knots and transfer fuel 20 nm away from port, which based on the Green Flag Program in Long Beach, in the U.S. The findings are (1) In scenario one, the container and bulk vessels saw reductions in CO₂ emissions of about 41% and 14%, respectively. In scenario two, container and bulk vessels had reductions of about 48% and 43% in SO₂ emissions, respectively. (2) Large vessels are more environmentally friendly than small vessels. (3) Using the CATCH model to assess the effectiveness of the two scenarios, it was found that container vessels benefited from both reducing speed and fuel transfer, while bulk carriers only did so from the former.     

Developing environmentally sustainable logistics: Exploring themes and challenges from a logistics service providers’ perspective

The purpose of this paper is to explore themes and challenges in developing environmentally sustainable logistical activities.The approach is explorative with a cross sectional design that takes advantage of ten case studies out of selected logistics service providers (LSPs) operating primarily in the Scandinavian countries.The findings illustrate the major themes by analyzing current and future activities in developing environmentally sustainable logistical activities. In addition, four categories of challenges are identified: customer priorities, managerial complexity, network imbalance, and technological and legislative uncertainties. It is concluded that there is a great need for a holistic perspective where LSPs and product owners together analyze and design future logistical setups.The suggested holistic and integrative model, building on a three-dimensional concurrent engineering framework, provides new opportunities for research. Further research is needed to improve the interrelationship between LSPs and their customers in the development of sustainable logistical solutions.This paper puts forward recommendations for the sustainable development of logistics by combining the results from the case studies with a review of related literature. This will be beneficial for managers and policy makers when they approach sustainable logistical challenges. The emergence and synthesis of themes and challenges are critical for a sustainable society.     

Green port project scheduling with comprehensive efficiency consideration

ABSTRACT

Ports are an important driving force for world economic growth, but they consume considerable energy. The marine sector has proposed the development of green ports to achieve low-carbon sustainable development. This paper presents a green project scheduling model of port construction to optimize comprehensive economic and environmental efficiency. Various realistic constraints are considered, including investment scale, energy savings, emissions reduction, and project priority. Comprehensive efficiency involves cost reduction, energy savings, emissions reduction, and other efficiency goals. The problem is formulated as an integer program and is solved using CPLEX in a general algebraic modeling system (GAMS). We use a representative port in China as a case port in solving its green project scheduling. The results show that the port can save 6,527 tons of standard coal, reduce 40,875 tons of CO₂, and save 49 million yuan per year in the five-year implementation period. The payback in investing in these green projects is less than six years. From an economic and environmental perspective, the comprehensive efficiency achieved is significant.     

Personalised feedback and eco-driving: An explorative study

Conventional road transport has negative impact on the environment. Stimulating eco-driving through feedback to the driver about his/her energy conservation performance has the potential to reduce CO₂ emissions and promote fuel cost savings. Not all drivers respond well to the same type of feedback. Research has shown that different drivers are attracted to different types of information and feedback. The goal of this paper is to explore which different driver segments with specific psychographic characteristics can be distinguished, how these characteristics can be used in the development of an ecodriving support system and whether tailoring eco-driving feedback technology to these different driver segments will lead to increased acceptance and thus effectiveness of the eco feedback technology. The driver segments are based on the value orientation theory and learning orientation theory. Different possibilities for feedback were tested in an exploratory study in a driving simulator. An explorative study was selected since the choice of the display (how and when the information is presented) may have a strong impact on the results. This makes testing of the selected driver segments very difficult. The results of the study nevertheless suggest that adapting the display to a driver segment showed an increase in acceptance in certain cases. The results showed small differences for ratings on acceptation, ease of use, favouritism and a lower general rating between matched (e.g., learning display with learning oriented drivers) and mismatched displays (e.g., learning display with performance oriented drivers). Using a display that gives historical feedback and incorporates learning elements suggested a non-verifiable increase in acceptance for learning oriented drivers. However historical feedback and learning elements may be less effective for performance oriented drivers, who may need comparative feedback and game elements to improve energy conserving driving behaviour.