Evaluation of CO2 emissions from railway resurfacing maintenance activities

This paper is the world first to investigate the CO₂ impact of railway resurfacing in ballasted track bed maintenance. Railway resurfacing is an important routine maintenance activity that restores track geometry to ensure safety, reliability and utility of the asset. This study consisted of an extensive field data collection from resurfacing machineries (diesel-engine tamping machines, ballast regulators and ballast stabilisers) including travel distances, working distances, fuel consumption and construction methodologies. Fuel consumption was converted to a kg CO₂/m using the embodied energies of diesel. Analyses showed that tamping machines emitted the highest CO₂ emissions of the resurfacing machineries, followed by ballast regulators and ballast stabilisers respectively. Tamping machines processed 4.25 m of track per litre of diesel, ballast regulators processed 6.51 m of track per litre of diesel and ballast stabilisers processed 10.61 m of track per litre of diesel. The results were then compared to previous studies and a rigorous parametric study was carried out to consider long-term resurfacing CO₂ emissions on Australian railway track. The outcome of this study is unprecedented and it enables track engineers and construction managers to critically plan strategic rail maintenance and to develop environmental-friendly policies for track geometry and alignment restoration.     

民营企业发展绿色物流的障碍与积极作用分析

随着资源日益枯竭和环境破坏,民营企业有责任遏止这种趋势的发展,绿色物流是一个有效的选择。本文分析了民营企业发展绿色物流的障碍和积极作用,以期引起社会各界、企业的重视,共同促进绿色物流在民营企业中的真正实施。     

试论武汉市绿色交通现状及应对措施

绿色交通就是发展一套多元化的都市交通工具,以建立减低交通拥挤、降低污染、节省费用的交通运输系统。绿色交通的主旨是减少个人交通工具的使用,提倡大众运输,改良与开发替代燃料与车辆系统,鼓励非机动车辆的出行方式。武汉要率先在中部崛起,实现绿色交通势在必然。其应对措施就是高度重视交通规划和建设,在推进道路交通向"通"与"畅"发展的同时,进一步发展以轨道交通为先导、以电车为基础及常规公交快线为主体的快速客运交通系统,加强交通管理,提升交通运输系统的综合功能。     

信号控制交叉口绿灯间隔时间计算的研究

针对信号控制交叉口由于绿灯间隔时间设置不当而可能导致的困境区域问题,结合路口限速、交叉口几何条件等客观因素,提出分析模型和最小绿灯间隔时间的计算公式,同时针对几种可能出现的情况,提出相关的建议,以达到消除困境区域的目的。     

UPS系统设计与实现

论述UPS在供电系统中的重要作用,举例介绍UPS系统的设计方案.简述UPS冗余并联系统的工作原理及后备电池组和UPS容量的选择.     

三用工作船挡货栏杆结构设计与分析

诸多功能集于一身的三用工作船(Anchor Handing Tug Supply Vessel, 以下简称AHTS)在有限的甲板空间内既要保证载货面积,又要预留足够的人员通行和设备空间。挡货栏杆作为甲板上主要的结构件,其设计一直是个难点。本文以某AHTS为例,就挡货栏杆的立柱、顶梁、拦挡构件和设备基座等主要组成部分及其结构特性进行概述,并给出立柱受货物侧向压力和受绑扎件集中力的强度校核方案,为挡货栏杆的设计提供参考和借鉴。     

Active or passive? Sustainable manufacturing in the direct-channel green supply chain: A perspective of two types of green product designs

This paper considers a supply chain in which a manufacturer produces and sells two types of green products in its direct channel under government interventions aiming to improve social welfare. There is a Stackelberg game between the two stakeholders. Our research derives the closed form solutions to the optimal tax, green degree and price for the products, and obtains the strategies for government and manufacturer under different environmental policies. By considering six scenarios, our models obtain the best choice from the comparison between the two cases in which the manufacturer determines its product green degree actively or accepts the green standard set by the government passively. Then, we conduct some sensitivity analyses and explore the scenario in which there is competition between green products and non-green products. The results of this research indicate that the government setting the product green standard and providing the manufacturer with a subsidy is significant.     

An analysis of institutional pressures,green supply chain management,and green performance in the container shipping context

This paper presents a study which utilized a conceptual framework with institutional theory as its base to empirically evaluate the impact of institutional pressures, internal green practices, and external green collaborations on green performance. Factor analysis was employed to identify the key institutional pressures (i.e. coercive, normative and mimetic pressures), internal green practices (i.e. green shipping practices and green operations), external green collaborations (i.e. green collaboration with supplier, green collaboration with partner, and green collaboration with customer), and green performance (i.e. reduction of pollutants, and perceived green brand) dimensions. We collected data from surveyees employed by 129 container shipping companies and agencies in Taiwan, and applied a structural equation model (SEM) to test the research hypotheses. The findings revealed that institutional pressures have positive effects on internal green practices; internal green practices positively influence external green collaborations; internal green practices and external green collaborations positively influence green performance but institutional pressure is not positively associated with external green collaborations. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are presented to help container shipping operators improve green performance.     

Container liner fleet deployment: A systematic overview

Container liner fleet deployment (CLFD) is the assignment of containerships to port rotations (ship routes) for efficient transport of containers. As liner shipping services have fixed schedules, the ship-related operating cost is determined at the CLFD stage. This paper provides a critical review of existing mathematical models developed for the CLFD problems. It first gives a systematic overview of the fundamental assumptions used by the existing CLFD models. The operating characteristics dealt with in existing studies are then examined, including container transshipment and routing, uncertain demand, empty container repositioning, ship sailing speed optimization and ship repositioning. Finally, this paper points out four important future research opportunities: fleet deployment considering ship surveys and inspections, service dependent demand, pollutant emissions, and CLFD for shipping alliances.     

有限水深复合格林函数的数值计算

有限水深格林函数值的正确求解对处于浅水的海洋结构物运动响应和载荷计算起着非常关键的作用.本文根据海洋结构物的物面对称性,在有限水深复合格林函数表达式的基础上推导出了格林函数偏导数的数值计算表达式,并对格林函数的奇异性进行了分析.采用抛物线积分法对其进行了积分,为有限水深海洋结构物的水弹性分析奠定了基础.计算结果表明,利用抛物线积分法所求得的运动响应与挪威DNV船级社SESAM软件的计算结果吻合得很好.