Computing airfare elasticities or opening Pandora's box

Airfare elasticities are crucial for policy instruments for the stakeholders of tourism industry. Modellers attempting to estimate these elasticities face several challenges in the absence of microeconomic data on consumer preferences. The aim of this paper is to offer a critical analysis of the practice of computing airfare elasticities from tourism demand studies. It identifies and discusses potential sources of measurement errors in the data and drawbacks that investigators face and assesses their implications for the estimated parameters in the respective models. The use of price of crude oil and distance between origin and destination as proxies for transportation costs are evaluated. It is recommended that authors be more systematic in reporting their results. They need to comment on the limitations of their elasticity estimates since these have repercussions on policy recommendations made based on their results.     

一种新型摩托车发动机副轴油封

在摩托车发动机中,用于密封的副轴油封具有较高的弹性,泄漏率低,耐热、耐压范围广,能起到防尘、防油外漏的作用.但是,当副轴表面质量较差或发动机工作一段时间后,机油质量下降,机油中的异物及未清除的铝屑等杂质易将主唇口划伤,从而影响密封性能,出现渗油现象.笔者设计的在油封主唇外斜面上加倾斜凸筋的副轴油封,可有效防止因主唇口划伤而引起的渗油现象.     

AC-13(改进型)沥青混合料劈裂试验研究

文章结合柳州绕城高速公路AC-13(改进型)沥青混合料矿料级配,利用SGC旋转压实机成型沥青混合料试件并进行劈裂试验,对AC-13(改进型)沥青混合料的间接抗拉强度进行评价,得出沥青混合料的空隙率、油石比、老化这些指标的变化与沥青混合料的力学特性间的密切关系。     

湿式摩擦离合器摩擦片热分析和油槽结构研究

介绍了多片湿式摩擦离合器的结构及摩擦片常用油槽型式。通过理论分析推导出了摩擦片表面温度的计算方法,并以某42t重型汽车液力机械变速器中的多片湿式摩擦离合器为例,进行了主、从动盘摩擦片表面温度的理论计算和ANSYS分析,验证了摩擦片表面温度计算方法的正确性。通过试验研究确定了合适的摩擦片表面油槽结构为双圆弧槽。     

兰新铁路第二双线大温差墩身防裂养护措施研究

裂缝是桥梁最常见的病害之一,对桥梁的耐久性、承载力、防水性能等都会产生较大影响。文章针对兰新铁路第二双线的工程实际情况,提出对桥墩施加包裹橡塑板的养护措施以有效防止内外温差过大而引起的表面裂缝。通过对试验墩的数据分析,以及运用大型空间有限元软件MIDAS Civil对包裹前和包裹后的墩身进行温度和应力分析,证明采用该养护方法可达到降低墩身中心与墩身表面的温差,预防墩身表面温度裂缝的产生。     

Dispersion of spilled oil by a cavitating jet at sea

This article presents the possibility of using a high-speed water jet for the dispersion of spilled oil at sea. Laboratory experiments showed that a high-speed water jet is very effective in dispersing heavy oil. Two methods were examined and compared using freshwater. The first method was to disperse an oil layer on the water surface using a cavitating jet ejected upward at an angle of 45°. A target plate was placed at the interface of the water and oil layer to enhance the collapse of cavitating bubbles. The second method was to eject a high-speed water jet vertically downward from the air. A guide plate with a guide hole was placed under the oil layer with no target plate as such. The second method showed an improved dispersion ability and thus its effectiveness was examined using an oil layer on seawater. The dispersion of oil was better in seawater than in freshwater, probably because seawater contains natural surfactants.     

双底双壳油轮中横剖面结构优化设计专家系统

本文利用船舶中横剖面设计专家系统外壳[1]，结合专家经验、领域第一原理以及基于数据离散的优化方法，在补充了具体专业知识以后获得了双底双壳油轮中横剖面结构设计专家系统。该系统能够模仿专家的设计过程进行设计，这对于保存和利用专家知识、优化设计结果都有直接意义。     

走出研究柴油机气缸套磨损问题的误区

通过对ＲＬＢ５６柴油机的调查与试验，了解到气缸套损坏过程及其特点。文章突破现有理论的局限，走出思维定势的误区，首次提出一种新的低速柴油机气缸套磨损模式－－撞击磨损模式，同时指出：解决撞击磨损的问题，不能通过提高气缸套的材质和润滑油粘度加以解决，而是应该改变柴油机有关部件的结构设计。     

浅析油品运输中"转换装油"引起的安全问题

从一起油轮爆炸事故，分析了事故的起因主要是由于“转换装油”引发的。后经随机调查发现，现阶段油轮“转换装油”现象非常突出。针对此现象，客观分析了油轮“转换装油”危害性及引发事故的原因，并提出了有效的防范措施，呼吁广大从业人员一定要加强防范意识。     

就DM—55型闭路强制循环导热油加热沥青系统谈科技成果评审的价值取向

本文以1990年5月通过鉴定的“DM-55型闭路强制循环导热油加热沥青系统”成果为依据,就其产品的命名,工艺设备本身的安全性,可靠性、先进性等阐述了作者的观点,并对该成果的推广使用提出了几点建设性意见,最终提出了对科技成果,即新产品、新工艺、新设备的评价,要做到多种价值取向,多方位、多层次考虑,才可能利于其推广发展的新见解。