(Unintended) Transport impacts of an energy-environment policy: The case of CNG conversion of vehicles in Dhaka

Motor vehicles are one of the major sources of air pollution in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The government took various policies to convert the petroleum vehicles on road to run on compressed natural gas (CNG), which allows both air quality improvements and energy security benefits. One of the market friendly policies to encourage the fuel switch was to increase the price differential between CNG and petrol and diesel. This has allowed a wide-scale adoption of CNG as the fuel of choice. However, several years into the policy, there is now a widespread belief among the policymakers that the CNG conversion may have increased car ownership and car travel due to their lower running costs, resulting in more congestion and a reversal of the strategy is on the cards. It is therefore important to test the hypothesis whether CNG conversion had genuinely increased car ownership and car travel in Dhaka city. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey and an econometric intervention analysis to understand the impact of CNG conversion on car ownership and car travel in Dhaka. Attention is also given to disentangle the self-selection and price-induced travel effects of CNG conversion. Results show that ownership did not increase, but travel of on-road vehicles increased due to the CNG policy. However, additional congestion costs are still around one half of the health benefits brought about by the policy.     

DCY900运梁车过隧道运梁的改造设计研究

合福客运专线箱梁架设过程中,需过隧道运输箱梁,但DCY900型运梁车驮运箱梁时,外形尺寸超限,无法通过隧道。通过对隧道尺寸及运梁车工况分析,提出合理的运梁车改造设计方案,使DCY900运梁车顺利地通过隧道运梁,解决了实际施工问题。     

车辆动力性能评价仿真系统设计

运用LabVIEW图形化编程软件,通过结构化设计及模块化编程,设计出车辆动力性能评价仿真系统.该仿真系统考虑了多种参数对车辆动力性能的影响,并且能够处理Excel扭矩数据表格和生成Word报表文档,使用方便,仿真结果准确性较高.利用此仿真结果可进一步优化车辆的结构参数,从而提高车辆的动力性能.     

Extracting driving characteristics from heavy goods vehicle tachograph charts

European Union regulations require haulage companies of member states like the UK to keep records of their drivers’ hours of work. All heavy goods vehicles (HGV's) over 7.5 tonnes are fitted with tachographs which record a driver's operating activities (periods of driving, other work and rest). These records are etched onto a laminated chart by various styli, one of which records the vehicle's speed. This paper describes the development and testing of a new technique for extracting individual driving characteristics from the speed trace of an HGV tachograph chart to calculate four parameters: distance travelled, average speed, time travelled and speed variability.

The average speed, time travelled and speed variability were analysed statistically using one‐way analysis of variance tests. Speed variability was found to be particularly useful for identifying differences between individual driver's behaviour. Once differences in behaviours can be identified it may be possible to link certain driving habits to factors such as component wear, accident rates and excessive fuel usage.     

轨道交通车载智能应急电源系统

作为在紧急情况下为轨道交通列车辅助系统供电的应急电源,铅酸或镍铬电池被普遍使用;随着技术的不断发展,锂离子电池的应用也越来越广泛.介绍了GJCL-A型锂离子轨道交通车载智能应急电源系统的组成、工作原理、设计方案及试点应用情况.GJCL-A型锂离子轨道交通车载智能应急电源系统的试验应用结果表明,用于车厢的110V应急供电4 300 s后,其剩余电量仍有40％以上.     

面向交通安全的车辆间距测试技术研究

基于数字图像处理理论,提出了一种车间距离测试的方法,介绍了边缘增强与形态学处理相结合的图像预处理算法、阈值分割与判定树结合的障碍物检测方法以及反转透视测距计算模型,利用VC 平台编写了测距实验程序并组织了测距试验.试验结果表明,该测距方法简洁有效,能满足智能车辆测距工程需要,是一种可行的前方车辆距离测量方法.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的4WD电动车辆寄生功率的测量技术

根据串励直流电动机工作特性,利用车辆行驶过程中较易测得的驱动电机工作电流及驱动轮转速,运用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件,建立基于卡尔曼滤波的驱动轮滑转率模型和寄生功率模型并进行仿真;通过道路试验对电动机工作电流和驱动轮转速的检测,实时预测驱动轮的滑转率与产生的寄生功率。结果表明,驱动轮滑转率和寄生功率的仿真结果与试验结果非常接近。     

四桥独立悬架车辆越障性能计算研究

通过建立四桥独立悬架车辆越障高度动力学模型,分析影响8×8全独立悬架车辆越障性能的主要参数。进行了实例计算与试验研究,模型计算值与试验值相一致。表明该模型能预测车辆越障高度,具有工程应用价值,且获得影响其性能的主要参数。     

汽车操纵稳定性主客观评价数据的一种处理方法

汽车操纵稳定性主客观评价之间的相关性分析是汽车技术的重要课题。提出了汽车操纵稳定性主客观评价数据的一种处理方法．通过回归分析筛选客观参数，运用BP神经网络建立相关性模型，验证结果说明了该方法的可行性。     

多尺度图像边缘检测技术在车辆识别中的应用

指出了图像边缘检测的定义及现有算法的不足,并对Canny边缘检测离散准则及该准则下的最优线性滤波器进行了论述。根据边缘检测离散准则,利用数值方法求出该准则下边缘检测的最优线性滤波器及对应的平滑算子,将其与Canny边缘检测技术相结合进行边缘检测,检测出不同尺度下多幅边缘图像,并根据小尺度下图像边缘细节信息丰富、边缘定位精度高,大尺度下图像边缘稳定、抗噪性好等特点,将检测到的多尺度边缘进行融合,得到抗噪性好的精确的单像素宽边缘;同时将该方法应用于汽车特征提取,检测到完整连续的汽车边缘图像,为车型识别提供条件。试验结果表明:该方法不仅能准确检测出图像边缘,而且能有效地抑制噪声,是边缘检测的实用方法。