轻型车燃用生物柴油瞬态工况排放特性的研究

通过对轻型车燃用生物柴油和0#柴油尾气排放的测量和分析,研究瞬态工况有害排放物模态特性。试验结果表明,与0#柴油相比,轻型车燃用生物柴油可显著改善冷启动过程的HC和CO排放,其HC、CO和PM比排放分别降低76．9％、45．7％和52．8％,但NOx比排放增加5．8％。燃料在燃烧转变为CO2和H2O释放出化学能的同时也将空气中的N2氧化成NOx,因而可用NOx／CO2来描述NOx排放随运行工况的变化规律。     

重型载货汽车变速器远距离操纵机构设计

介绍了目前国内外变速器远距离操纵机构的类型和特点,论述了操纵机构的结构设计要求,并对几种常见的机构设计方案进行了比较,指出了各方案在设计过程中的异同之处和设计时应考虑的各种不同情况。针对该种操纵机构难于适应驾驶室翻转要求的这一难点,通过范例提出了操纵机构设计流程、设计内容及计算公式,并对操纵机构设计中出现的问题提出了解决措施。     

重型普通载货汽车典型用户的整车行驶循环工况研究

以重型普通载货汽车为研究对象,针对用户使用情况进行了调研和实车试验,并应用数理统计和多参数统计理论主成分分析与聚类分析方法,解析出重型普通载货汽车典型用户行驶循环工况。基于所提取的循环工况进行了综合油耗的仿真分析,结果表明,仿真计算油耗与用户实际使用油耗一致,证明了所提取重型普通载货汽车整车行驶循环工况的正确性。     

重型载货汽车AMT离合器气动执行机构的建模与控制

建立了某重型载货汽车的离合器气动执行机构数学模型,并分别设置了分离和接合过程中的离合器缸活塞目标位置。仿真结果表明,当目标位置设置较小时,单独控制相应电磁阀,活塞基本可以停在预定位置;当目标位置设置较大时,单独控制相应电磁阀,系统超调量较大,增加了离合器控制的难度。利用离合器执行机构台架进行了静态试验,所得试验结果与仿真结果基本吻合,验证了仿真模型的有效性。设计的分段动态控制器控制离合器的仿真结果表明,能够使分离轴承实际位移很好地跟随理想位移变化。     

基于自适应卡尔曼算法的重型半挂车状态估计研究

在建立三轴重型半挂车简化动力学模型的基础上,提出了用于估计重型半挂车运动状态的自适应卡尔曼滤波估计算法。利用动力学软件Trucksim对该估计算法进行了验证,验证结果表明,所提出的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法能够在车速为30 km/h与60 km/h的两种扫频工况下,准确估计重型半挂车横摆角速度和铰接角,为重型半挂车的稳定性控制奠定了基础。     

车辆荷载和车道荷载对桥梁结构可靠度的影响

公路桥梁结构的整体计算采用车道荷载,结构的局部计算采用车辆荷载,车辆荷载与车道荷载的作用不得叠加.将采用这2种荷载设计的结构进行可靠度对比,结果表明,按车辆荷载设计的结构满足正常使用功能的可靠度偏低,更容易发生损坏,这些损坏会影响到结构的正常使用.提出通过调整重型车辆通过桥梁时的交通行驶规则,增大结构按正常使用极限状态设计时车辆荷载的代表值,从而提高按车辆荷载设计的结构可靠度.     

Flow-field guided steering control for rigid autonomous ground vehicles in low-speed manoeuvring

ABSTRACT

This paper studies the low-speed manoeuvring problem for autono-mous ground vehicles operating in complex static environments. Making use of the intrinsic property of a fluid to naturally find its way to an outflow destination, a novel guidance method is proposed. In this approach, a reference flow field is calculated numerically through Computational Fluid Dynamics, based on which both the reference path topology and the steering reference to achieve the path are derived in a single process. Steering control considers three constraints: obstacle and boundary avoidance, rigidity of the vehicle, plus the non-holonomic velocity constraints due to the steering system. The influences of the parameters used during the flow field simulation and the control algorithm are discussed through numerical cases. A divergency field is defined to evaluate the quality of the flow field in guiding the vehicle. This is used to identify any problematic branching features of the flow, and control is adapted in the neighbourhood of such branching features to resolve possible ambiguities in the control reference. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in finding smooth and feasible motion paths, even in complex environments.     

Towards connected autonomous driving: review of use-cases

Connected autonomous vehicles are considered as mitigators of issues such as traffic congestion, road safety, inefficient fuel consumption and pollutant emissions that current road transportation system suffers from. Connected autonomous vehicles utilise communication systems to enhance the performance of autonomous vehicles and consequently improve transportation by enabling cooperative functionalities, namely, cooperative sensing and cooperative manoeuvring. The former refers to the ability to share and fuse information gathered from vehicle sensors and road infrastructures to create a better understanding of the surrounding environment while the latter enables groups of vehicles to drive in a co-ordinated way which ultimately results in a safer and more efficient driving environment. However, there is a gap in understanding how and to what extent connectivity can contribute to improving the efficiency, safety and performance of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the potential benefits that can be achieved from connected autonomous vehicles through analysing five use-cases: (i) vehicle platooning, (ii) lane changing, (iii) intersection management, (iv) energy management and (v) road friction estimation. The current paper highlights that although connectivity can enhance the performance of autonomous vehicles and contribute to the improvement of current transportation system performance, the level of achievable benefits depends on factors such as the penetration rate of connected vehicles, traffic scenarios and the way of augmenting off-board information into vehicle control systems.     

中国纯电动乘用车政策

我国新能源汽车正在蓬勃发展,其发展离不开政府的政策扶持。文章介绍了中国纯电动乘用车政策,同时阐述了各地方政府的优惠政策和拟出台的《纯电动乘用车技术条件》标准。指出目前我国电动乘用车水平与国外差距较大,国家和地方政府鼓励政策力度不够,许多问题仍然没有成熟的解决方案,今后应该认真总结经验教训,研制功能完善的新能源汽车。     

基于遗传算法的重载与非重载去向开行方案比较研究

本文道德简要介绍重载运输在我国开行的现状，在此基础上建立一个重载列车去向模型。引进一个先进的算法－遗传算法求解模型，根据求得最终优化方案，比较普通直达列车和重载列车开行方案的不同，计算结果表明重载列车的开行应该重新调整现有编组计划，而不是仅仅加大原有开行方向上的编成辆数以实现重载。