A model of bus bunching under reliability-based passenger arrival patterns

If bus service departure times are not completely unknown to the passengers, non-uniform passenger arrival patterns can be expected. We propose that passengers decide their arrival time at stops based on a continuous logit model that considers the risk of missing services. Expected passenger waiting times are derived in a bus system that allows also for overtaking between bus services. We then propose an algorithm to derive the dwell time of subsequent buses serving a stop in order to illustrate when bus bunching might occur. We show that non-uniform arrival patterns can significantly influence the bus bunching process. With case studies we find that, even without exogenous delay, bunching can arise when the boarding rate is insufficient given the level of overall demand. Further, in case of exogenous delay, non-uniform arrivals can either worsen or improve the bunching conditions, depending on the level of delay. We conclude that therefore such effects should be considered when service control measures are discussed.     

Route choice stickiness of public transport passengers: Measuring habitual bus ridership behaviour using smart card data

This paper explores how we can use smart card data for bus passengers to reveal individual and aggregate travel behaviour. More specifically, we measure the extent to which both individual and bus routes exhibit habitual behaviour. To achieve this, we introduce a metric called Stickiness Index to quantify the range of preferences of users that always select to travel on the same route (high stickiness) to those with a more varied patterns of route selection (low stickiness). Adopting a visual analytic and modelling approach using a suite of regression models we find evidence to suggest that stickiness varies across the metropolitan area and over a 24-h period wherein higher stickiness is associated with high frequency users where there is substantial variability of route travel times across all alternatives. We argue that our findings are important in their capacity to contribute to a new evidence base with the potential to inform the (re)-design and scheduling of a public transit systems through unveiling the complexities of transit behaviour.     

城乡公交线路片区组织的实施条件研究

城乡公交线路片区组织的有效整合资源配置,能促进城乡公交服务均等化与可持续发展。论文界定了片区组织内涵,分别阐述单线片区、多线片区以及区域整合组织形式的空间定位与行车组织形式。分别讨论单线片区干线组织、支线联运、干支线联运三种形式的实施条件;针对多线片区,提出通过分析相邻城镇公交干线走向、高峰期客流、上下行客流分布的差异特征,判别实施多线片区组织的可能性。从城乡公交干支线客流差异性、客流时空特征角度,提出了以提高企业经营效益为目标的片区组织实施条件。     

嵌入式CAN/Ethernet网关在船舶信息集成中的应用

研究了船舶集成平台中的信息集成，设计了嵌入式CAN/Ethernet网关，以实现船舶集成平台中CANBus和Ethernet之间的数据交换和信息集成。     

铁路现场监测系统的建构技术

介绍一种新型的铁路现场监测系统，式，实现远端馈电及数据传输的双重功能。以嵌入式为核心，采用低压电力载波的总线通信方还介绍了系统的总体设计方案、各模块的软硬件设计，以及为保证数据传输，专门定义了通信协议，实现超时重传、检错重发、广播通信、单点通信等机制。     

城市公共交通新型服务体系之初探

基于城市常规公交发展中存在的主要问题，提出新型的常规公共交通体系。该体系的核心在于将常规公交线路分层、分级，充分发挥各级公交线路的功能。并结合广州市的实际情况，展示该体系在实际公交线网优化调整运用中的效果。     

舰船永磁同步推进电机负载仿真控制器的存储器扩展技术

大容量永磁同步电动机(PMSM)因其具有良好的性能在舰船电力推进领域得到愈来愈广泛的应用,因此,开发驱动电机负载特性仿真控制器的研究成为热点。本文在分析80C196KC单片机存储空间分配和4种总线方式的基础上,结合负载仿真控制器的系统应用,给出了相应扩展方法的地址定位表及控制电路,实验结论很好地验证了设计的正确性。     

Competition in transit markets

Despite regulatory reforms in a number of countries, competition in transit markets is still relatively rare. Moreover, where it does occur it tends to be small group in nature and the outcomes are difficult to predict. In this paper, simulation models of competition in inter-urban rail markets and urban bus markets are developed and applied in studies of Great Britain and Sweden. It is found that on busy routes head-on competition is commercially feasible (although for rail this assumes low access charges) but is not socially desirable. For routes with thin demand (or high access costs), competition may be limited to cream skimming. In most competed cases, there appears to be a tendency for the provision of too much service, at too high price and (at least for bus) at too low quality. Rather than classical Bertrand-Cournot oligopoly models, transit markets may be best described by models of oligopolistic competition based on horizontal product differentiation.     

高速公路客运停靠站的设计研究

文章结合高速公路发展现状,系统地阐述了高速公路上客车停靠站建设的必要性,并根据高速公路的特点,研究了停靠站点的基本类型,分析了停靠站的线形及横断面几何设计方法。     

基于MVB总线的DMI与车载设备通信方法

在CTCS-2级列控系统中,需要为DMI和车载设备之间传输数据提供一种及时、安全、高效的方法.首先介绍了基于MVB总线的DMI与车载设备的通信方法,包括周期数据传输方法和非周期数据传输方法;其次介绍了非周期数据传输协议的基本原理,发送数据状态机和接收数据状态机的设计方法;最后对DMI与车载设备传输数据方法的实时性、正确性和可用性进行了分析.