地铁车站主体与公路桥共建设计及附属工程一体化设计方案研究——以北京轨道交通房北线四环路站为例

地铁车站建筑设计需考虑规划条件、市政道路条件、地下管线资料及周边环境条件等因素,从可实施性、功能性、经济性等方面进行系统比选来确定最优方案。随着城市发展对地铁车站建筑设计要求的提高,车站建筑设计与城市发展的融合性越来越受到重视,然而传统的设计方法过多考虑了控制因素,限制了车站建筑的主动性和灵活性。以北京轨道交通房山线北延工程四环路站为例,在充分结合周边控制因素及规划条件的前提下,提出车站与桥梁共建及附属一体化设计思路。结果表明:(1)地铁车站主体与规划公路桥在竖向可实现共建设计,平面上实现共路由;(2)不同建设时序情况下,将地块分段实施,可实现车站附属与地块深度一体化开发。     

高速铁路异物侵限监测网设置范围计算公式的完善

高速铁路异物侵限监测系统是高速铁路重要的基础设施,其监测网的安装范围正确与否将直接关系到高速铁路的运输安全,原铁道部运输局2010年颁布的《高速铁路防灾安全监控系统-公跨铁立交桥异物侵限监测方案》提供了公跨铁立交桥异物侵限监测电网设置范围的计算公式。通过举例分析发现,当公跨铁立交桥与铁路线的夹角大于70°时,该计算公式得出的计算结果偏小,甚至还会出现负值的不合理现象,对高速铁路运营安全产生不利影响,因此有必要对该计算公式进行修改完善。根据公跨铁立交桥与铁路线的夹角大小分(0,70°)、[70°,90°)、[90°,180°)三个区间进行讨论,并利用三角函数法,研究得出一整套新的计算公式。研究成果表明,用新的计算公式得出的公跨铁立交桥异物侵限监测电网设置范围更加科学合理,提高了高速铁路异物侵限监测系统的安全监控性能。     

中低速磁浮线连续弯梁设计研究

依托唐山试验线曲线半径为100m的17.7m+27m+17.7m斜弯连续梁,对中低速磁浮线轨道梁设计进行初步探讨。为了满足车辆限界和轨道安装及承轨台预埋件的要求,连续曲梁截面斜置,构成复杂的空间扭转曲线箱梁。轨道梁桥面与轨道采用承轨台上置式连接方式。为了增加轨道梁的横向稳定性,采取了增大梁宽、加大支座横向间距、设置拉力支座等构造措施。根据连续曲梁的受力特点,建立空间模型进行了计算分析,并参考相关规范,讨论了轨道梁刚度和动力特性的设计要求。     

TDJ2006分体活塞减速顶的研制及应用

介绍TDJ2006分体活塞减速顶的研制及试验过程,详述了该顶的具体结构设计。通过对该顶的结构特点及产品特性的阐述,说明了该顶是一种非常适合于我国重载运输发展要求的编组站调速设备。同时对该顶近两年来在国内外的使用推广情况进行了简单介绍。     

西安地铁2号线车辆公路运输实施方案

地铁车辆属超长、超大货物,公路运输时需借助长大汽车且通过市区进入车辆段。因此运输组织及运输安全尤为重要。就地铁车辆的公路运输涉及到的几个因素进行了分析,提出了安全可靠的运输方案。通过批量车公路运输的实施和验证,给地铁车辆公路运输方式提供了有益的借鉴。     

云桂铁路富平隧道斜井施工技术

结合云桂铁路富平隧道斜井的地形及地质特点,对比分析有轨提升出碴和无轨汽车运输2种不同方式在长大隧道斜井施工过程中的利弊;简要介绍无轨汽车运输系统机械选型配置;阐述斜井施工的技术要点和安全保障措施。实践证明,富平隧道斜井施工采用无轨运输,取得了良好的效果,可为以后长大隧道斜井施工提供参考和借鉴。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Regulatory reform and freight mode choice

Reform of trucking Vehicle Weights and Dimensions (VWD) regulations in Canada is now underway. The effect these reforms will have on the freight transportation industry are only recently the subject of research. This paper is part of this new research effort, aimed at understanding how regulatory reform in the trucking sector will affect the existing competitive relationship between trucks and the railways. The paper presents the results of study and research into modelling the relationship between mode choice and the service characteristics that are affected by VWD reform.Using several periods of data, a series of econometric models are developed which help to elucidate the relative relationships between the mode service characteristics for both of the principal interprovincial freight modes. A technique is developed and presented to model railway user costs in order to overcome the complex and often unrepresentable pricing activities of Canadian railways.The strength of the developed econometric models is presented, including their significance and statistical reliability. This is further reinforced by the similarities exhibited by all the models in the series. The selected model is applied to predict market service responses required of the railway industry in order to compete with the trucking sector now adapting to the new regulations.The impact of the newly implemented vehicle weight and dimension reform on the rail transportation industry is analyzed and railway industry improvements aimed at maintaining its market share are presented. The results predicted by the model show that railway user cost reductions should be moderate, and likely less than the level of inflation over the period of time when trucking converts its fleet to take advantage of the new regulations.Abbreviations AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - CCMTA Canadian Conference of Motor Transport Administrators - EPI End products, inedible commodity classification - GVW Gross Vehicle Weight - NA 1988 VWD National Agreement - RTAC Roads and Transportation Association of Canada - VWD Vehicle Weight(s) and Dimension(s) - WA 1988 VWD Western Agreement     

基于ITS的汽车主动避撞性关键技术研究(一)

利用信息感知、动态辨识、控制等技术与方法提高汽车的主动安全性，是智能交通系统（ITS）的主要研发内容之一。介绍了基于ITS的汽车主动避撞关键技术的研究工作，主要包括：车辆运动中对周围障碍物的感知技术方法；危险或安全状态的动态辨识；具有主动避撞性能的ACC（Adaptive Cruise Control）技术等；给出了相关技术研究的仿真及实验结果，并对该技术在我国的实用化前景进行了展望。     

多货物品种集装化运输的优化调度问题

用数学模型描述了供应商根据某一用户在各个不同时间段内对不同货物的需求量情况,利用各种不同型号的箱体进行分时段货物发送的问题。其最终目的是为了求得能够使运输成本和存储成本达到最小的货物发送方案,该问题是一个由批量问题和拼箱问题所组成的复合问题。就此问题,提出了一种三阶段算法。通过理论分析,该算法可以有效地解决此类问题。