船舶结构有限元分析中分布载荷的离散化

本文给出了船外水压力在船壳板及船体结构有限元网格节点上离散的一种方法。只要适当地选择本文所给出的计算公式，该方法可应用于任何受分布载荷作用的结构有限元分析或其它数值分析法中。     

WCJ8E防爆无轨胶轮车液力缓速系统的研发

针对目前煤矿井下辅助运输坡度大、运距长造成无轨胶轮车湿式制动器过早磨损甚至热衰退失效的现实情况,文章以WCJ8E防爆无轨胶轮车为研究对象,研发其匹配的辅助制动液力缓速系统,使用结果表明:该系统极大地减少了湿式制动器的使用频率,解决了其过早磨损及热衰退失效问题,保障了车辆的高效运行与安全可靠。     

锌铝镁镀层钢板化学转化膜耐蚀性能研究

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)研究了锌铝镁镀层钢板合金的化学转化膜形貌和元素组成。以热镀锌钢板和冷轧钢板作为比较对象,通过电化学工作站、中性盐雾试验箱对3种合金的腐蚀行为进行对比研究。结果表明,锌铝镁镀层钢板化学转化膜结晶整体呈现为长条针状,结晶排布致密,平均晶粒尺寸约为4μm,膜重达到了3.1 g/m²。锌铝镁镀层钢板的化学转化膜中Al、Mg元素含量高于热镀锌钢板和冷轧钢板。相比而言,锌铝镁镀层钢板化学转化膜的自腐蚀电位最高,为-0.889 V,腐蚀电流和腐蚀速率均最低,分别为26.94μA和2.338×10^-3μA/cm²。在经中性盐雾腐蚀200 h后,锌铝镁镀层钢板基材腐蚀程度最小,说明锌铝镁镀层钢板的耐蚀性能优于热镀锌钢板和冷轧钢板。     

磨抛机器人气电力控末端执行器负载特性研究

针对现有船舶制造业中人工打磨或砂带磨削等磨抛作业难以满足智能制造需求的现状,提出一种面向船舶磨抛机器人的气电混合式力控末端执行器,采用自适应变参数PID控制器对非对称气缸的气动力与大推力永磁直线同步电机的电磁力进行协调控制,实现作业接触力的实时补偿与精确控制。通过对气动系统、永磁直线同步电机系统、环境工件、力和速度控制器等进行建模与数值仿真,研究其负载波动响应与抗负载冲击特性。仿真结果表明,相比气动力控系统,气电混合式力控系统可消除气动系统振荡特性的影响,在35Hz范围内振动负载作用下的最大力波动幅值由138N(约为稳态值46%)减小至25N(约为稳态值8.4%)；在阶跃负载作用下气缸活塞杆位移振荡和接触力冲击次数显著减少,调整时间分别仅为前者的32.3%和27.3%,有效提高了抗负载波动与冲击特性,可提升船舶磨抛机器人作业质量。     

Strength analysis of fillet welds under longitudinal and transverse shear conditions

In support of the development of improved fillet weld sizing criteria for lightweight shipboard structures, a comprehensive static strength test program using longitudinal and transverse shear specimens according to AWS B4.0 Standards has been conducted. This test program covers base material with strength ranging from 71 ksi (490 MPa) to 96 ksi (660 MPa) and weld size ranging from 1/8″ (3 mm) to 3/8″ (10 mm). This paper focuses on a traction stress based analysis of the test data as an effort to establish a unified shear strength definition for load-carrying fillet weld specimens regardless of shear loading conditions. The proposed shear strength definition proves to be effective in correlating the fillet weld strength test data of the longitudinal and transverse shear specimens. The results of this investigation demonstrate that existing shear strength definitions used by various weld sizing criteria such as those given by Class Societies have two major limitations: (1) it cannot be related to a critical stress state on experimentally observed failure plane in transverse shear specimens; (2) it underestimates shear stress at failure due to severe stress concentration at weld end in typical longitudinal shear specimens. These two limitations have been shown to be the major cause for having two significantly different shear strength values: one is transverse shear strength obtained from transverse shear specimens and the other is longitudinal shear strength obtained from longitudinal shear specimens.     

大直径盾构隧道穿越建筑物群变形分析与控制措施北大核心CSCD

大直径盾构隧道掘进施工对土体造成扰动,导致地表产生沉降或隆起,继而严重威胁上部建筑物群的结构安全。文章依托某大直径盾构隧道穿越老旧小区密集建筑物群工程,首先利用二维有限元软件计算关键断面房屋的沉降变形,再对比三维有限元软件的计算结果,分析两种计算方法的适用范围;然后基于三维模型探究了不同初期荷载释放率对盾构穿越引起的地表和房屋变形的影响,最后利用Peck公式计算的理论地表沉降数据,梳理初期荷载释放率、地表沉降、地层损失率三者的内部联系并提出了控制变形的相关措施。研究结果表明,初期荷载释放率越小,地表及房屋沉降也越小,对应的地层损失也越小;对于控制地表变形,减小荷载释放率等同于减小地层损失率;初期荷载释放率、地表沉降、地层损失率这三者减小的量值呈线性关系。     

深水半潜式钻井平台总体强度分析及冰载荷下结构评估

本文主要概述了某深水半潜式钻井平台的特点,按照DNV的相关规范,采用了有限元法和设计波法,建立了总体有限元模型,分析了在风暴自存工况下的总体屈服强度和屈曲强度,并进行了冰载荷作用下的结构评估。可得到结论,总体屈服强度和屈曲强度是满足的。本文可以为以后同类平台的总体强度分析提供借鉴。     

热点应力法在汽车驱动桥焊接强度耐久性分析中的应用

针对汽车驱动桥焊接桥壳结构特点,采用热点应力法及CAE技术对其焊接结构强度耐久性进行了模拟分析。为验证热点应力法模拟焊接结构的有效性,对3种标准焊接件、2种驱动桥桥壳焊接部位的强度和耐久性进行了试验与模拟对比分析,结果表明,该方法对焊接部位关键点应力的模拟有效性达70%以上,焊接部位的耐久性模拟寿命均值与试验结果量级相当。     

Load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological damper

In this paper, a load-leveling suspension system with a magnetorheological (MR) damper is investigated. In this suspension system, the MR damper is connected to a spring to form a load-leveling suspension system. The system effective stiffness and damping can be adjusted by controlling the MR damper. The characteristics of a load-leveling suspension system are studied first. When the linear damper is replaced with an MR damper, the averaging method is adopted to obtain the steady-state response of the nonlinear system. A comparison demonstrates that the results of the averaging method are in good agreement with those obtained by numerical simulations. The analytical results are then verified experimentally. The load-leveling suspension system studied here is able to adjust both suspension stiffness and damping and, hence, it may provide more effective vibration control in a wider frequency range, when the damper is controlled.     

采用简化方法的船体结构疲劳强度校核

本文介绍用简化方法进行船体结构疲劳强度校核的基本原理。这一方法已为中国船级社近期编制的《船体结构疲劳强度指南》所采纳。文中介绍了疲劳载荷的计算,疲劳应力的计算及疲劳累积损伤的计算,并给出例题说明这一方法的具体应用。