曲线上100m简支桁架桥梁设计研究

以一座位于缓和曲线上的主孔100 m的简支钢桁架桥为例,分析了曲线上做桁架桥时的主要设计要点,具体阐述了曲桥直做时的构造处理方法,分析了简支桁架桥梁的纵向变形特征,提出了两种释放纵横梁轴向约束的具体设计方案,通过有限元分析了此类桥梁的主要静动力响应,可为同类桥梁工程的设计提供借鉴.     

The impact of road grade on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of a passenger vehicle in real-world driving

To accurately estimate real-world vehicle emission at 1 Hz the road grade for each second of data must be quantified. Failure to incorporate road grade can result in over or underestimation of a vehicle’s power output and hence cause inaccuracy in the instantaneous emission estimate. This study proposes a simple LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) – GIS (Geographic Information System) road grade estimation methodology, using GIS software to interpolate the elevation for each second of data from a Digital Terrain Map (DTM). On-road carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from a passenger car were recorded by Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) over 48 test laps through an urban-traffic network. The test lap was divided into 8 sections for micro-scale analysis. The PHEM instantaneous emission model (Hausberger, 2003) was employed to estimate the total CO₂ emission through each lap and section. The addition of the LiDAR-GIS road grade to the PHEM modelling improved the accuracy of the CO₂ emission predictions. The average PHEM estimate (with road grade) of the PEMS measured section total CO₂ emission (n = 288) was 93%, with 90% of the PHEM estimates between 80% and 110% of the PEMS recorded value. The research suggests that instantaneous emission modelling with LiDAR-GIS calculated road grade is a viable method for generating accurate real-world micro-scale CO₂ emission estimates. The sensitivity of the CO₂ emission predictions to road grade was also tested by lessening and exaggerating the gradient profiles, and demonstrates that assuming a flat profile could cause considerable error in real-world CO₂ emission estimation.     

应对突发大规模流行病的城市常规公交管控策略

公共交通内部相对狭小和密闭的空间，使得乘客间频繁发生近距离接触，是流行病扩散的高危环境。面对诸如新型冠状病毒肺炎这类突发大规模流行病时，交通管理者通常采取的方案是全部公交线路停运，彻底阻断流行病通过公共交通系统传播这一个途径，但是对于公交乘客而言，如果缺乏替代的出行方式，将严重降低其移动性，甚至会影响其基本的生活条件。利用北京市公交IC卡刷卡数据，挖掘乘客的个人出行特征和相互之间的接触特征，构建公交乘客动态接触网络，试验数据统计显示北京公交乘客单次出行与他人的平均接触时间为17 min，通勤乘客工作日与他人平均累计接触123次。利用理论传播模型（SEI和SIS）模拟流行病在公共交通系统内的扩散，对比随机网络分析其特征，发现公交乘客间接触的周期性发生规律显著促进了流行病的快速传播。将乘客传播影响力集计至公交线路，针对常规公交网络设计停运部分线路的运营方案，使用站点间平均邻接距离作为指标，衡量部分停运方案导致的常规公交系统可达性损失。研究对比了停运方案实施前后的流行病扩散规模。研究结果表明，只需要停运小部分线路就能使流行病暴发得到遏制，同时公交系统的整体可达性没有明显下降。     

Public transportation development and traffic accident prevention in Indonesia

Traffic accidents have long been known as an iceberg for comprehending the discrepancies of traffic management and entire transportation systems. Figures detailing traffic accidents in Indonesia, as is the case in many other countries, show significantly high numbers and severity levels; these types of totals are also evident in Jakarta, the highest-populated city in the country. While the common consensus recognizes that traffic accidents are the results of three different factor types, namely, human factors, vehicle factors, and external factors (including road conditions), human factors have the strongest influence—and figures on a worldwide scale corroborate that assertion. We, however, try to pinpoint the issues of non-human factors in light of increasing traffic accidents in Indonesia, where motorbike accidents account for the majority of incidents. We then consider three important pillars of action: the development of public transportation, improvement of the road ratio, and traffic management measures.     

南宁市城市道路建设的影响因素分析

文章以南宁市“十二五”期间城市道路网建设规划为例,根据城市道路建设的影响因素类别,剖析并协调道路建设的重大影响因素,并通过指标测算确定了规划期内道路网建设的合理规模.     

无锡地铁运行引起上马墩站振动的现场试验研究

高频次的地铁运营引发的超量振动对于周边生活和工作造成了明显的负面影响,为了获取地铁诱发振动的传播规律,在无锡地区进行从车站到上盖物业的现场振动实测。在上马墩站搭建整套加速度信号振动测试系统,获取各测点3个方向时域加速度信号,分析结构在时域和频域的基本特征,对地铁运行造成上马墩站振动影响进行评价。研究发现： 1）垂向振动在通常情况下明显占优,横向、纵向振动相当; 2）上盖物业振动主要集中为25~50 Hz; 3）车站的Z振级接近规范规定白天限值,超出了夜间限值,有必要采取结构优化或减振措施对地铁运行引起的振动进行控制。     

船舶营运大数据挖掘与应用思考

船舶营运大数据来源于航运信息平台和营运船舶监测,通过对这些海量数据的分析与挖掘,能发现很多有价值的信息与规律,可应用于多载况下船舶功率与航速评估、船舶能效设计指数(EEDI)实船验证方法的完善、MRV机制实施的技术支持;风浪对航速的影响研究;节能技术的节能效果评价;船舶进坞清污最佳时机分析;船舶设备运行的精细化管理等,对于促进造船和航运业的技术进步具有重要的意义。     

基于MATCONT的潜艇垂直面操纵运动稳定性与分叉分析

基于Matlab数值分岔分析工具箱MATCONT对潜艇高速机动时的运动稳定性与分岔问题进行了研究。分析了潜艇重心坐标和尾升降舵角变化时的单参数分岔,搜索到系统的鞍结分岔和BP分岔点,通过垂直面非线性运动方程数值积分的动态仿真,验证了动态仿真与数值分析结果的一致性。     

隧道盾构带压进舱作业的潜水技术问题

从潜水技术的专业视角探讨潜水技术与盾构施工的应用问题,通过研究隧道盾构带压作业的主要难点和技术条件、所需潜水技术及特征、主要潜水设备、潜水技术应用的一般准则等,以解决隧道盾构带压进舱作业的潜水技术应用问题。主要结论如下:1)潜水技术适用于隧道盾构施工作业;2)潜水技术用于隧道盾构作业,除需解决装备、规程及减压表等软硬件外,潜水人员及作业管理也是其成败之关键;3)与隧道盾构作业所需潜水作业相比,海上潜水面对的环境更严酷,更复杂,人员装备的要求更高;4)我国隧道盾构带压作业潜水,目前需要优先关注的是如何将海洋工程潜水技术科学有效地移植于隧道盾构施工带压作业领域。