智能网联车环境下高速匝道汇入车流轨迹优化模型

为了解决传统匝道控制车流汇入时车辆需要减速至停止,从而造成延误时间过长的问题,提出了一种智能网联车环境下的高速匝道汇入车辆轨迹优化的两阶段优化模型,其中,第1 阶段优化车辆进入匝道口的时序;第2 阶段基于第1 阶段的最优时序,优化车辆轨迹. 根据所构建的模型设计了一种启发式算法优化车辆通过匝道冲突区域的时序,然后结合 GPOPS工具优化车辆的轨迹.为了验证所提出方法的有效性,将所提出的方法应用到20 min 随机到达的车流,进行仿真实验.实验结果表明,与先进先出的方法相比,本文所提出的方法能够使总延误减少59.7%,总油耗减少10.5%,说明该方法能够实现车辆以较高的速度通过匝道冲突区域,有效地减少了车辆汇入延误,同时也节约了油耗.     

海上安全系统的必要补充 — 海上求生系统工程初论

提出了海上求生系统工程的一般概念及其特殊性.说明了对该系统工程进行研究的意 义.指出了该系统由求生目标、求生环境、救生设备与物资、求生者、求生管理软件等要素组成,初步分析了各构成要素的特点以及它们之间的关系,为该系统工程的进一步研究奠定一些基础.     

ASP在十八点统计报告系统中的应用研究

论述了铁路十八点运输统计报告系统的发展历程,并分析了目前此系统构成及数据结构,简要介绍了Microsoft的ASP,利用其技术,编制动态网页,以达到信息查询的方便、快捷的目的.最终实现铁路办公系统的自动化、无纸化.     

Mining and correlating traffic events from human sensor observations with official transport data using self-organizing-maps

Cities are complex systems, where related Human activities are increasingly difficult to explore within. In order to understand urban processes and to gain deeper knowledge about cities, the potential of location-based social networks like Twitter could be used a promising example to explore latent relationships of underlying mobility patterns. In this paper, we therefore present an approach using a geographic self-organizing map (Geo-SOM) to uncover and compare previously unseen patterns from social media and authoritative data. The results, which we validated with Live Traffic Disruption (TIMS) feeds from Transport for London, show that the observed geospatial and temporal patterns between special events (r = 0.73), traffic incidents (r = 0.59) and hazard disruptions (r = 0.41) from TIMS, are strongly correlated with traffic-related, georeferenced tweets. Hence, we conclude that tweets can be used as a proxy indicator to detect collective mobility events and may help to provide stakeholders and decision makers with complementary information on complex mobility processes.     

Guidance for new policy developments on railway noise and vibration

Noise and vibration are two of the main problems associated with railways in residential areas. To ensure quality of life and well-being of inhabitants living in the vicinity of railway paths, it is important to evaluate, understand, control and regulate railway noise and vibration. Much attention has been focused on the impact of noise from railway traffic but the consideration of railway-induced vibration has often been neglected. This paper aims to provide policy guidance based on results obtained from the analyses of relationships estimated from ordinal logit models between human response, railway noise exposure and railway vibration exposure. This was achieved using data from case studies comprised of face-to-face interviews (N = 931), internal vibration measurements (N = 755), and noise calculations (N = 688) collected within the study “Human Response to Vibration in Residential Environments” by the University of Salford, UK. Firstly, the implications of neglecting vibration in railway noise policies are investigated. The findings suggest that it is important to account for railway induced vibrations in future noise and transport policies, as neglecting vibrations results in an underestimation of people highly annoyed by noise. Secondly, implications of neglecting different types of railway sources are presented. It was found that the impact of noise and vibration form maintenance operations should be better understood and should be taken into account when assessing the environmental impact of railways in residential environments. Finally, factors that were found to influence railway vibration annoyance are presented and expressed as weightings. The data shows that factors specific to a particular residential area should also be taken into account in future vibration policies as the literature shows that attitudinal, socio-demographic and situational factors have a large influence on vibration annoyance responses. This work will be of interest to researchers and environmental health practitioners involved in the assessment of vibration complaints, as well as to policy makers, planners and consultants involved in the design of buildings and railways.     

京张高铁八达岭景区设站研究

京张高铁经八达岭景区设地下站,地下站埋深较深,且经过全国重点风景名胜区八达岭景区,涉及工程结构安全、铁路运营安全、旅游安全、文物安全,以及对景区景观、环境的影响等方面的问题,使得八达岭地下站成为各方关注的焦点。通过对八达岭地下站涉及的相关问题进行综合分析,认为在八达岭景区设站是必要的。通过方案比选,滚天沟地下站方案在技术上是可行的,车站设于滚天沟广场地下,游客乘降方便,有利于改善八达岭景区的交通拥堵状况,运输方式低碳、环保、安全、快捷,是相对较优的方案。最终选定在八达岭长城景区设置埋深102 m的地下车站作为实施方案。     

Recursive expected conditional value at risk in the fleet renewal problem with alternative fuel vehicles

We study the fleet portfolio management problem faced by a firm deciding which alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) to choose for its fleet to minimise the weighted average of cost and risk, in a stochastic multi-period setting. We consider different types of technology and vehicles with heterogeneous capabilities. We propose a new time consistent recursive risk measure, the Recursive Expected Conditional Value at Risk (RECVaR), which we prove to be coherent. We then solve the problem for a large UK based company, reporting how the optimal policies are affected by risk aversion and by the clustering for each type of vehicle.     

基于裂纹尖端应力比值的FGM板应力强度因子简便预测方法

为了弥补含裂纹功能梯度材料(FGM)结构强度预测方法的不足,文章基于有限元分析方法,将复杂的FGM板应力强度因子求解问题转化为简单的FGM板和均匀材料板之间裂纹尖端应力比值计算问题,仅通过使用均匀材料板和FGM板裂纹尖端应力比值、均匀材料板应力强度因子经验公式即可得到任意FGM板应力强度因子值,从而提出了一种基于裂纹尖端应力比值的FGM板应力强度因子简便预测方法。该方法避免了复杂的矩阵运算以及数值积分,仅需建立二维有限元模型即可在保证精确度的基础上快速得到FGM板应力强度因子预测值。通过多组算例对比分析,证明该方法预测精度高,比传统计算方法更为简便,便于工程应用。     

杭州湾跨海大桥70m箱梁架设施工技术的探讨

研究目的:解决杭州湾跨海大桥在杭州湾涨落潮大、水流急速的情况下进行国内首次架设超重量级70 m箱梁的施工问题。研究方法:针对杭州湾跨海大桥的实际情况,结合国内外研究成果和国家现有规程,充分吸收国外先进运架船的施工技术,对70 m箱梁的运移和架设进行研究。研究结果:箱梁横移通过横移台车和滑道梁实现,箱梁纵移采用2 400 t全液压、全电控的液压悬架轮轨式台车,箱梁架设采用2 500 t和3 000 t海上运架一体化架梁设备。研究结论:采用不锈钢板和MGB板解决了箱梁横移消耗量大的问题,采用液压、电控技术解决了箱梁在升降、移运过程中受力均衡和安全问题,采用专门研制的2 500 t和3 000 t海上运架一体化架梁设备,解决了箱梁在海上潮流中运输及架设稳定和安全问题,为中国桥梁工程的施工技术发展开拓了一种全新的施工方法。     

实现汽车夜间行驶会车远光自动变近光系统的探讨

本文探讨了汽车夜间行驶中对向会车时,大灯远光产生的灯光对驾驶员视线的影响,并且基于该问题研究了大灯远近光自动切换的方案。