地层冻结中上仰冻结器底部存气试验研究

在采用地层冻结技术进行施工的部分工程中采用了上仰冻结器,在地铁旁通道工程中尤为突出。盐水循环过程中上仰冻结器底部会出现存气现象,底部存气会影响到临近区域温度场的发展,造成冻结工程的失败,给工程安全带来重大隐患。文章对地层冻结中上仰冻结器底部存气现象进行了试验研究,获取了冻结器长度、倾角及盐水流速与上仰冻结器底部存气之间的关系。     

A multi-layered risk exposure assessment approach for the shipping industry

Maritime administration and coastal states have become more aware of the need to enhance risk mitigation strategies primarily due to increased worldwide shipping activities, changing safety qualities of the world fleet and limited resources to deploy mitigation strategies. This paper introduces an innovative multi-layered framework to assess, predict and mitigate potential harm. The proposed approach addresses known restrictions of risk assessments in shipping. These restrictions are the lack of scalability to apply risk assessments over large areas using an automated routine, the absence of recognizing that the world fleet is heterogeneous, the lack of integrating location specific environmental conditions such as wind, currents or waves and most importantly, the lack of recognizing the uncertainties associated with each factor especially for predictions. The proposed framework is based on the idea of integrating various layers representing the most important factors that can influence risk in order to estimate and predict risk exposure for a given area. As proof of concept of the underlying ideas, the outcome of a pilot project with the Australian Maritime Safety Authority is presented which demonstrates the integration of the first two layers and is based on a unique and comprehensive combination of data. The results of selected endpoints of risk exposure compare well with observations. The article also discusses the integration of the remaining layers including the recognition and addition of uncertainties in the future.     

An adaptive hawkes process formulation for estimating time-of-day zonal trip arrivals with location-based social networking check-in data

Location-Based Social Networking (LBSN) services, such as Foursquare, Facebook check-ins, and Geo-tagged Twitter tweets, have emerged as new secondary data sources for studying individual travel mobility patterns at a fine-grained level. However, the differences between human social behavioral and travel patterns can cause significant sampling bias for travel demand estimation. This paper presents a dynamic model to estimate time-of-day zonal trip arrival patterns. In the proposed model, the state propagation is formulated by the Hawkes process; the observation model implements LBSN sampling. The proposed model is applied to Foursquare check-in data collected from Austin, Texas in 2010 and calibrated with Origin-Destination (OD) data and time of day factor from Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO). The proposed model is compared with a simple aggregation model of trip purposes and time of day based on a prior daily OD estimation model using the LBSN data. The results illustrate the promising benefits of applying stochastic point process models and state-space modeling in time-of-day zonal arrival pattern estimation with the LBSN data. The proposed model can significantly reduce the number of parameters to calibrate in order to reduce the sampling bias of LBSN data for trip arrival estimation.     

Burnout in seafarers: its antecedents and effects on incidents at sea

Seafarer health and well-being has long been a concern in the shipping industry because of the unique characteristics of working at sea. This paper aims to identify the role of burnout in seafarer health and well-being and its effect on safety. In particular, we differentiated seafarer burnout into personal and work-related burnout to reflect the ambiguous distinction between rest and work in seafarers’ job environment. We also investigate the effectiveness of emotion regulation for seafarers to reduce burnout. This study proposes a conceptual framework to identify the causal relationship between occupational stress, sleepiness, emotion regulation, burnout, and incidents at sea. To verify the proposed framework, scales were adapted from established scales in the literature; a cross-sectional survey was also conducted to collect empirical data for analysis with path and simultaneous equation models. The analysis results revealed that personal and work-related burnout in seafarers are mutually affected; however, only work-related burnout exerts a direct effect on incidents. Reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy in seafarers to reduce personal burnout, but not work-related burnout. Occupational stress and sleepiness exert positive effects on both personal and work-related burnout; yet, their effect on incidents is mediated by work-related burnout.     

Using vehicle simulations to understand strategies for accommodating oversize,overweight vehicles at roundabouts

There is considerable evidence that roundabouts are the safest and most efficient form of traffic control for most intersections. The potential use of roundabouts with all their inherent benefits may be greatly diminished if they are not able to accommodate oversize/overweight (OSOW) vehicles, sometimes called “Superloads.” The problem, therefore, is how to accommodate OSOW vehicles without sacrificing the integrity, safety and other benefits of roundabouts.This study uses TORUS software to design six standard roundabouts using guidance from the latest Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) roundabout guide. Six OSOW check vehicles from the Wisconsin Department of Transportation’s library were used to modify the designs to accommodate these selected check vehicles at the roundabouts. These six OSOW check vehicles were used to conduct swept path analysis using AutoTURN software at the selected six standard roundabouts for right turn, through, and left turn simulations. The space requirements for these maneuvers were analyzed in detail. Various strategies for better accommodating these OSOW check vehicles were suggested and experimented with in this study using AutoTURN software simulations. The effectiveness of using a straight passage through the center island for OSOW vehicles was also addressed in this study and was found to be effective. All the strategies investigated in this study proved to be effective in accommodating OSOW vehicles when compared to conventional ways of using a roundabout. The needed total truck apron was calculated and used as a reference to determine an effective strategy for accommodating OSOW vehicles. This research can be used as guidance for transportation engineers, planners and decision makers to determine possible ways of designing a roundabout at an intersection where certain OSOW vehicles are expected.     

The design of an in-vehicle assistance system to support eco-driving

This driving simulator study was the second of two studies investigating the most effective and acceptable in-vehicle system for the provision of guidance on fuel efficient accelerator usage. Three eco-driving interfaces were selected for test (a second-order display visual display with auditory alerts and two haptic accelerator pedal systems) following a pilot study of 12 different interfaces. These systems were tested in a range of eco-driving scenarios involving acceleration, deceleration and speed maintenance, and assessed through their effects on fuel economy, vehicle control, distraction, and driver subjective feedback. The results suggest that a haptic accelerator pedal system is most effective for preventing over-acceleration, whilst minimal differences were observed between systems in terms of the effect of the assistance provided to prevent under-acceleration. The visual–auditory interface lowered the time spent looking towards the road, indicating a potential negative impact on driver safety from using this modality to provide continuous green driving support. Subjective results were consistent with the objective findings, with haptic pedal systems creating lower perceived workload than a visual–auditory interface. Driver acceptability ratings suggested a slight favouring of a haptic-force system for its usefulness, whereas the more subtle haptic-stiffness system was judged more acceptable to use. These findings offer suggestions for the design of a user-friendly, eco-driving device that can help drivers improve their fuel economy, specifically through the provision of real-time guidance on the manipulation of the accelerator pedal position.     

基于小波奇异性检测的发动机故障诊断方法研究

针对通过二进离散小波变换计算出的Lipschitz指数不够精确且不能描述奇异点能量的不足,提出了模极大值点能量法并用于信号的奇异性检测。通过仿真证明采用该方法不仅能准确定位奇异点发生的位置,并且能描述其能量。将该方法应用于发动机曲轴轴承故障诊断时,为了突出局部时间段的信号特征,采用抽区间采样方法抽取特定时间段的信号。试验结果表明,两种方法的结合能有效区分出曲轴轴承的不同技术状况,并得出最佳诊断部位和最佳检测转速。     

可超车条件下公交车站点延误估算模型研究

通过分解公交车在站点的等待过程,给出了公交车站点延误的分类和定义.运用排队论中的M/M/s模型,结合随机变量函数和幂级数等相关知识,基于平均排队时间、排队时间标准差和延误产生概率,采用理论推导的方法建立了公交车站点延误估算模型.该模型以公交车到达率、站点通行能力、泊位数和信号参数为解释变量.通过停靠站实地调查对模型进行了验证,表明所建模型可用于公交车站点延误的预测.     

高速受流性能探讨

简述高速情况下影响机车受流性能的几个主要因素及其机理， 并对提高受流性能提出了简统化的设想。     

人力资本会计核算的浅探

针对我国会计核算的现状,指出了其存在的不足和改革传统的会计核算模式及建立人力资本会计体系的重要性和可行性.