荷载场和氯离子扩散场共同作用下的钢筋混凝土构件分析

为讨论荷载场与氯离子扩散场的共同作用,引入考虑荷载作用下的混凝土损伤影响函数Fd,采用ABAQUS有限元软件的USDFLD子程序开发功能,在内置的Mass Diffusion模块中考虑荷载作用和力学损伤对氯离子扩散的影响,实现钢筋混凝土构件层次荷载场和氯离子扩散场的多物理场共同作用分析。结果表明:有限元计算结果和试验结果吻合良好;随着荷载比的增大,氯离子在混凝土中的扩散速度逐渐加快,且拉应力对氯离子扩散的促进作用远大于压应力。为探究氯离子在混凝土中的扩散规律提供了一种新方法。     

Comparative Analysis of Calculation Methods for Jacking Force of Jacking Pipes北大核心CSCD

Jacking force is the most important parameter in jacking pipe engineering, and reasonable calculation of jacking forces plays an important role in safe and smooth pipe jacking construction. There are many calculation methods for pipe jacking force at present, and the calculation results may be affected to some extent by different cal⁃ culation methods. For this reason, calculation methods of jacking force (frictional resistance) were collected and a comparative analysis was conducted with aspects to the advantages, disadvantages and applicabilities. The results show that as for the jacking force calculated by empirical formulae, the soil layer classifications corresponding to giv⁃ en frictional force per unit area and relevant factors to be considered are different, and the values of frictional force per unit area between pipe and soil in the same soil layer are also different; as for the jacking force calculated by theo⁃ retical formulae, the calculation methods for vertical earth pressure at crown are different and much effected by the pipe buried depth; as for the jacking force calculated by numerical simulation, the selected theories for the simula⁃ tion program and the construction factors to be considered during simulation are different. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Structural Optimization and Strength Analysis of the Lifting Arm of a Wet Shotcrete Spraying Unit北大核心CSCD

Wet shotcrete spraying units are widely used in underground engineering, for railways, highways, water conservancy and hydropower stations, municipal works, mining and military and other industries. Structural analysis and mechanical behavior optimization are conducted regarding the lifting arm of a TKJ series shotcrete spraying unit, and optimization of the hinge point position and working scope of the lifting arm is realized. The optimal layout scheme for the hinge force is given based on the Monte Carlo method, the hinge force of the lifting arm is improved for the mean and maximum values, and the maximum and average hinge force of the lifting cylinder decrease by 23.14% and 7.70%, respectively, compared with that of the original scheme. The static strength is checked using Ansys-Workbench for the optimized scheme, and the results show that the optimized scheme has a larger safety re-serve and that the structural design is more reasonable than the original scheme. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

船闸闸室结构的船-墙碰撞三维有限元分析

以江苏某重力式船闸闸室结构为例,采用ABAQUS软件建立船舶-闸室结构-土体三维有限元模型,对船舶撞击闸室进行瞬态动力分析,得到不同工况下的撞击力时程曲线和撞击力值等结果。研究结果表明:船舶撞击闸室的法向平均撞击力大小与船舶排水量的12次方、撞击速度的1次方、撞击角度的1次方成线性关系;将软件模拟的船舶法向撞击力数值与依据JTJ 307—2001《船闸水工建筑物设计规范》得到的计算值比较,发现规范公式得到的数值普遍偏小,低估了过闸船舶撞击力的影响。     

FPSO单点系泊系统安装及回接技术

单点系泊系统作为浮式生产储油卸油装置（Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO）的核心组成部分,需在FPSO进入安装现场之前完成安装,随后FPSO进入安装现场进行回接。以我国南海某具体工程项目为背景,全面、系统地介绍FPSO悬链腿单点系泊系统的安装及回接方法,并采用OrcaFlex分析软件对各个施工步骤进行相关的模拟分析。该单点系泊系统的整个安装过程可分为抓地锚安装、下段锚腿铺设、锚腿张紧、上段锚腿铺设、单点浮筒拖航及就位和锚系回接单点浮筒等6个阶段。     

The use of gait parameters to evaluate pedestrian behavior at scramble phase signalized intersections

Pedestrian scramble phasing is usually implemented to reduce pedestrian‐vehicle conflicts and therefore increase the safety of the intersection. However, to adequately determine the benefits of scramble phasing, it is necessary to understand how pedestrians react to such an unconventional design. This study investigates changes in pedestrian crossing behavior following the implementation of a scramble phase by examining the spatiotemporal gait parameters (step length and step frequency). This detailed microscopic‐level analysis provides insight into changes in pedestrian walking mechanisms as well as the effect of various pedestrian and intersection characteristics. The study uses video data collected at a scramble phase signalized intersection in Oakland, California. Gait parameters were found to be influenced by pedestrian gender, age, group size, crosswalk length, and pedestrian signal indications. Both average step length and walking speed were significantly higher for diagonally crossing pedestrians compared with pedestrians crossing on the conventional crosswalks. Pedestrians were found to have the tendency to increase their step length more than their step frequency to increase walking speed. It was also found that, compared with men, women generally increase their walking speed by increasing their step frequency more than step length. However, when in non‐compliance with signal indications, women increase their walking speed by increasing their step length more than step frequency. It was also found that older pedestrians do not significantly change their walking behavior when in non‐compliance with signal indications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The planning and analysis of a new group rapid transit system: the SkyCabs monobeam system in Auckland

This paper examines a case study of the SkyCabs system as a way to alleviate some of the traffic problems of Auckland, New Zealand. SkyCabs is an elevated two-way monobeam carrying light eight-seater cabs on tracks on each side of the beam, available on demand, providing fast, pollution-free, unimpeded travel above the footpath with panoramic views of the city. The aim of this study is to investigate the attractiveness of implementing the SkyCabs system to and from Auckland central business district (CBD) and Auckland international airport by examining four variables: different routes, different number of stops/stations, different passenger demand levels, and different number of cabs in the system. The analysis utilizes geographical information system and simulation tools for the various scenarios considered. The results show that it is possible to assess the cost–benefit of alternative routes in terms of those four variables and rate of return on investment.     

The role of volume-delay functions in forecasting and evaluating congestion charging schemes: the Stockholm case

This paper uses observations from before and during the Stockkholm congestion charging trial in order to validate and improve a transportation model for Stockholm. The model overestimates the impact of the charges on traffic volumes while at the same time it substantially underestimates the impact on travel times. These forecast errors lead to considerable underestimation of economic benefits which are dominated by travel time savings. The source of error lies in the static assignment that is used in the model. Making the volume-delay functions (VDFs) steeper only marginally improves the quality of forecast but strongly impacts the result of benefit calculations. We therefore conclude that the dynamic assignment is crucial for an informed decision on introducing measures aimed at relieving congestion. However, in the absence of such a calibrated dynamic model for a city, we recommend that at least a sensitivity analysis with respect to the slope of VDFs is performed.     

A two-phase model for dry port location with an application to the port of Dalian in China

This paper provides guidance for an optimal and reasonable dry port layout for the port of Dalian in China. We present a two-phase framework on the location of dry ports, which solves the selection of candidate inland cities and optimal dry port location choice, respectively. Fuzzy C-Means Clustering is applied to select alternative cities in the vast hinterland of the seaport of Dalian, with a view to identify evaluation factors that affect the location selection decision. A cost-minimisation linear programming solution is proposed, with the aid of a genetic algorithm, to choose the optimal location as well as capacity level among the candidate inland cities.     

LNG卸料臂与船对接法兰面泄漏分析

LNG卸料臂是LNG卸载过程中最重要的设备之一,而卸载过程中卸料臂与船对接法兰面最易发生泄漏,因此避免其泄漏很重要。文中以某LNG接收站为例,简要介绍卸料臂预冷流程;对曾经发生过的泄漏展开分析,结果发现预冷速度过快是造成对接法兰面泄漏的主要原因;提出了相应的改进措施。改进之后,此LNG接收站卸船期间再未出现卸料臂与船对接法兰面泄漏的问题。