Improving maritime inventory routing: application to a Brazilian petroleum case

The crude oil offloading and supply problem (COSP) is a type of operation maritime inventory routing (MIR) problem encountered by petroleum companies. In COSP, the company not only is responsible for the ship scheduling to carry the crude oil from production sites to discharge ports but also must maintain inventory levels at both ports (production and consumption) between safety operational bounds to avoid disruptions in its crude oil production and/or refining processes. We show how to improve significantly the decision-making process in a Brazilian petroleum company using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to represent COSP. Comparison tests with a current ship-scheduling method adopted in the company indicated that the use of the MILP model increased the transportation efficiency and reduced costs by 20% on average. In addition to the quantitative gains, the use of a MILP model to solve COSP has succeeded when encountering real-life events, such as variation in production or consumption rates, berth unavailability, and changes in the storage capacities at ports.     

性能卓越的转叶式舵机设计

随着造船新理念的深化,在船舶机械的总体布局中,要求舵机设备逐渐集成紧凑,操作简便且节能环保。分析了Rolls-Royce转叶式舵机的设计与技术特点,通过与其他类型舵机的多个技术参数对比,Rolls-Royce转叶式舵机均具有明显的优势。其设计理念贴合船舶行业节能减排的发展趋势,并能为安装、维护和保养节约成本,因此在中国市场占有率相当高。     

A dynamic model for marginal cost pricing of port infrastructures

ABSTRACT

A dynamic model for marginal cost pricing of port infrastructures links costs to system performance by combining a power-law function with time-dependent queueing analysis. Additionally, the model incorporates the marginal cost of capacity, including the effects of economies of scale. This allows the calculation of the marginal cost price under a dynamic framework. The model accounts for nonlinear behaviour of port demand, which is sensitive to price and service levels. The effects over time of cost and service levels on the port’s operational performance are quantified. The proposed model allows determining the optimal timing for capacity investment. The model is a starting point for the application of marginal cost pricing to ports. However, for practical application of such pricing method it is necessary to apply a system’s approach, as productivity and costs must be assessed at the terminal’s component level. This should allow the derivation of a marginal cost function at the terminal’s component level.     

基于集对分析的道路交通拥堵判定

基于集对分析原理提出了道路交通拥堵判定的新方法——集对分析法,给出了集对分析法的基本思路和交通拥堵判定步骤。该方法考虑了交通状态分级标准的模糊性,同时避免了差异不确定系数的取值,应用于成都市某路段交通拥堵状态的判定,结果表明,该方法概念清晰、结构简单、计算简单、易操作、可行有效。     

Structural response of a flexible pipe with damaged tensile armor wires under pure tension

This article studies the structural response of a 6.0” flexible pipe under pure tension considering intact and damaged conditions. In the damaged condition, several wires of the tensile armor layers are assumed to be broken. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) model devoted to analyze the local mechanical response of flexible pipes is employed in this study. This model is capable of representing each tensile armor wire and, therefore, localized defects, including total rupture, may be adequately represented. Results from experimental tests validate the FE predictions and indicate a reduction in the axial stiffness of the pipe, a non-uniform redistribution of forces among the remaining intact wires of the damaged tensile armor layers and high stress concentrations in the wires near the broken ones. Moreover, the FE model indicates that significant normal bending stresses may arise in the pressure armor and inner carcass due to an uneven pressure distribution on these layers. Finally, the results obtained are employed to estimate the pull out capacity of the studied flexible pipe.     

Dynamic simulation of subsea pipeline and trawl board pull-over interaction

This paper presents a novel strategy based on the finite element method for prediction of fishing gear interference loads on subsea pipelines. Trawl board pull-over interaction is addressed with emphasis on hydrodynamic load representation, handling of pipe-trawl contact and modeling of the trawl gear system. A validation study involving 34 model test runs was carried out for three trawl boards with variation of pipe span height, towing velocity, towing line stiffness and pipe support conditions. The simulated bias of the load impulse was found to be within a 10% margin of the model test measurements. Based on the validated numerical model a sensitivity analysis involving nearly 250 simulations was conducted. The interaction behavior was seen to be greatly influenced by the board-pipe friction coefficient, the tension level in the wire between board and trawl net, the towing line drag properties and the direction of over-trawling.     

转向器齿轮齿条传动副的几何和啮合计算

齿轮齿条式转向器中的齿轮齿数仅有5～8个齿，按标准齿轮或简单变位齿轮的几何计算方法设计齿轮和齿争，无法使其重合度达到1.0.文章介绍了运用虚拟齿轮及当量齿轮的方法计算重合度，并通过大量计算得到参数选择表，方便设计师的查阅使用。阐述了齿轮齿顶圆齿厚计算方法、齿条齿根圆角及齿务齿根过渡曲线干涉验算方法。表明通过合理选择变位系数、齿顶高及齿根高，可以确保齿轮和齿顶圆齿厚达到0．3—0．5个模数，重合度达到1．0。并给出计算实例：     

兰州市五人制足球运动开展现状调查分析

本文运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对兰州市五人制足球运动的开展规模、教练员情况、场地设施、社会参与人群状况等问题进行调查分析,提出了针对性建议,旨在为进一步推动兰州市五人制足球的健康快速发展,同时促进兰州市足球运动的普及与提高尽一份力。     

海上平台发电机房的减噪设计

简述了海上平台发电机房通风设计方案中使用噪音分析研究的流程,介绍了建立几何模型、输入数据得到噪音预报,得出分析结果,最终完成设计方案优化,为海上平台发电机房通风设计提供了参考.