二阶灰色神经网络在船舶横摇预报中的应用

为了提高船舶的耐波性和适航性、对船舶横摇进行有效准确预报,提出了将灰色系统理论和神经网络进行有机结合的二阶灰色神经网络预报模型。介绍了二阶灰色预报模型,采用神经网络映射的办法构建灰色神经网络预报模型,并介绍了神经网络学习机制。另外,以某舰船横摇运动时间序列预报为例对模型进行仿真验证,有效改善了二阶灰色模型较大的预报偏差。仿真结果表明,GNNM(2,1)模型能准确预报船舶横摇运动,具有更高的预报精度和更好的数据稳定性。     

Modeling the information flow propagation wave under vehicle-to-vehicle communications

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications under the connected vehicle context have the potential to provide new paradigms to enhance the safety, mobility and environmental sustainability of surface transportation. Understanding the information propagation characteristics in space and time is a key enabler for V2V-based traffic systems. Most existing analytical models assume instantaneous propagation of information flow through multi-hop communications. Such an assumption ignores the spatiotemporal relationships between the traffic flow dynamics and V2V communication constraints. This study proposes a macroscopic two-layer model to characterize the information flow propagation wave (IFPW). The traffic flow propagation is formulated in the lower layer as a system of partial differential equations based on the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model. Due to their conceptual similarities, the upper layer adapts and modifies a spatial Susceptible-Infected epidemic model to describe information dissemination between V2V-equipped vehicles using integro-differential equations. A closed-form solution is derived for the IFPW speed under homogeneous conditions. The IFPW speed is numerically determined for heterogeneous conditions. Numerical experiments illustrate the impact of traffic density and market penetration of V2V-equipped vehicles on the IFPW speed. The proposed model can capture the spatiotemporal relationships between the traffic and V2V communication layers, and aid in the design of novel information propagation strategies to manage traffic conditions under V2V-based traffic systems.     

Scalable stability analysis on large connected vehicle systems subject to stochastic communication delays

In this paper large connected vehicle systems are analyzed where vehicles utilize vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication to control their longitudinal motion. It is shown that packet drops in communication channels introduce stochastic delay variations in the feedback loops. Scalable methods are developed to evaluate stability and disturbance attenuation while utilizing the mean, second moment, and covariance dynamics in open chain and closed ring configurations. The stability results are summarized using stability diagrams in the plane of the control parameters while varying the packet delivery ratio and the number of vehicles. Also, the relationship between the stability of different configurations is characterized. The results emphasize the feasibility of V2V communication-based control in improving traffic flow.     

Dry milling of the ultra-high-strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2A with coated carbide inserts

The ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS) plays an important role in the mechanical industry because of their special performances. The machinability of 30CrMnSiNi2A steel was studied in dry milling with two different coated tools in the present work. This paper introduced that 30CrMnSiNi2A steel was a kind of difficult-to-machine materials. The results showed that the cutting force components of feed direction and cutting width direction, i.e. F x and F y , increased slightly with increasing the cutting speed and feed rate. The values of axial force component F z were much larger than F x and F y , and increased obviously with increasing the milling speed. The workpiece surface had the minimum roughness at the cutting speed of 150 m/min. The physical vapor deposition (PVD) coated ((Ti, Al)N-TiN) insert was more suitable for machining 30CrMnSiNi2A steel than the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coated (Ti(C, N)-Al 2 O 3 ) insert. Moreover, the main failure modes of PVD-coated insert were micro-chipping and coating spalling. The wear modes of CVD-coated insert were ploughing, coating spalling, and cratering. The serious adhesive wear and the abrasion with some adhesion were the main wear mechanism of PVD- and CVD-coated inserts, respectively.     

Anticipating PEV buyers’ acceptance of utility controlled charging

Utility controlled-charging (UCC) of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) could potentially align vehicle charging with the availability of intermittent, renewable electricity sources. We investigated the case of a nightly charging program where the electric utility can control home PEV charging. To explore consumer acceptance of this form of UCC, we implemented a web-based survey of new vehicle buyers in Canada (n = 1470). The survey assessed interest in PEVs, explained UCC, and elicited openness to UCC through attitudinal questions and a stated choice experiment. We find potential for UCC support among one-half to two-thirds of respondents interested in purchasing a PEV, depending on the scenario. However, some respondents express concerns with privacy and loss of control. To quantify preferences for UCC, we estimated a latent class choice model where respondents chose between different PEV charging programs. The model identified four distinct respondent segments (or classes) that vary in their acceptance of UCC, as well as their valuation of renewable electricity, saving money on their electrical bill, and undergoing charging inconvenience. The overall sample was more sensitive to cost incentives than to renewable incentives, where cost-based UCC programs garnered 63–78% enrollment while renewable-based programs garnered only 49–59% enrollment. Overall, we observe the potential for widespread acceptance of UCC programs among Canadian PEV buyers, but program design and deployment will need to carefully acknowledge the various motivations and concerns of different vehicle buyer segments.     

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication in a heterogeneous wireless network – Performance evaluation

Connected Vehicle Technology (CVT) requires wireless data transmission between vehicles (V2V), and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). Evaluating the performance of different network options for V2V and V2I communication that ensure optimal utilization of resources is a prerequisite when designing and developing robust wireless networks for CVT applications. Though dedicated short range communication (DSRC) has been considered as the primary communication option for CVT safety applications, the use of other wireless technologies (e.g., Wi-Fi, LTE, WiMAX) allow longer range communications and throughput requirements that could not be supported by DSRC alone. Further, the use of other wireless technology potentially reduces the need for costly DSRC infrastructure. In this research, the authors evaluated the performance of Het-Net consisting of Wi-Fi, DSRC and LTE technologies for V2V and V2I communications. An application layer handoff method was developed to enable Het-Net communication for two CVT applications: traffic data collection, and forward collision warning. The handoff method ensures the optimal utilization of available communication options (i.e., eliminate the need of using multiple communication options at the same time) and corresponding backhaul communication infrastructure depending on the connected vehicle application requirements. Field studies conducted in this research demonstrated that the use of Het-Net broadened the range and coverage of V2V and V2I communications. The use of the application layer handoff technique to maintain seamless connectivity for CVT applications was also successfully demonstrated and can be adopted in future Het-Net supported connected vehicle applications. A long handoff time was observed when the application switches from LTE to Wi-Fi. The delay is largely due to the time required to activate the 802.11 link and the time required for the vehicle to associate with the RSU (i.e., access point). Modifying the application to implement a soft handoff where a new network is seamlessly connected before breaking from the existing network can greatly reduce (or eliminate) the interruption of network service observed by the application. However, the use of a Het-Net did not compromise the performance of the traffic data collection application as this application does not require very low latency, unlike connected vehicle safety applications. Field tests revealed that the handoff between networks in Het-Net required several seconds (i.e., higher than 200 ms required for safety applications). Thus, Het-Net could not be used to support safety applications that require communication latency less than 200 ms. However, Het-Net could provide additional/supplementary connectivity for safety applications to warn vehicles upstream to take proactive actions to avoid problem locations. To validate and establish the findings from field tests that included a limited number of connected vehicles, ns-3 simulation experiments with a larger number of connected vehicles were conducted involving a DSRC and LTE Het-Net scenario. The latency and packet delivery error trend obtained from ns-3 simulation were found to be similar to the field experiment results.     

基于二乘二取二冗余-安全控制的地铁LCU设计

简述LCU的发展3个阶段,针对城轨地铁车辆应用,介绍一种基于二乘二取二冗余-安全控制架构技术的下一代LCU的原理、组成和故障诊断方案,相较于双机热备冗余的LCU,能够获得更高的安全性和可靠性。     

柴油机后处理系统N_2O排放特性的试验研究

对一台重型柴油机的后处理系统进行台架试验,研究其N2O生成特性,包括在颗粒捕集器(DPF)主动再生、选择性催化还原(SCR)反应和泄漏氨气在氨气氧化催化器(ASC)的氧化过程中一氧化二氮(N2O)的生成规律。结果表明,DPF主动再生时,喷入排气管的柴油与排气中的氮氧化物在催化剂表面发生副反应生成N2O,其生成量随DOC出口温度的升高呈现先增后减的趋势。在SCR反应中,Cu沸石催化剂生成的N2O最多,Cu/Fe复合催化剂次之,而其它催化剂生成的N2O很少;对于前两种催化剂,随着温度的升高,N2O生成量呈先增后减再增的趋势。从SCR催化器泄漏的氨气在ASC中被氧化生成N2O,温度在200~250℃时N2O生成量较大。     

开级配大粒径沥青碎石混合料劈裂试验的离散元数值分析

为了弥补现有沥青路面结构设计理论中将沥青混合料当作完全弹性体进行计算分析的不足,以AC-16,AC-20,开级配大粒径沥青碎石混合料OLSM-25的劈裂强度为研究对象,采用离散元方法,运用二维颗粒流程序(PFC2D),从细观角度入手,对AC-16,AC-20,OLSM-25的劈裂(间接拉伸)试验进行数值模拟,对比分析AC-16,AC-20,OLSM-25圆柱体试件内部集料颗粒之间的接触力、位移矢量、微裂缝数量及其分布规律.结果表明:在峰值轴向力作用下,当沥青混合料圆柱体试件开裂破坏时,随着沥青混合料公称最大粒径、空隙率的增大以及油石比的减小,试件内部集料颗粒之间的接触力由基本均匀趋于相对离散分布,位移矢量存在显著差异,微裂缝数量逐渐减少.与AC-16,AC-20相比,OLSM-25的间接拉伸抗裂效果显著.     

2D 雷达与红外异地配置下的航迹关联方法

针对异地配置下的2D雷达与红外传感器航迹关联难的问题,论文提出一种基于假设检验的异类传感器航迹关联算法,该方法利用2D雷达距离、方位与红外传感器方位、仰角的互补性,通过假设条件建立目标关键因子的相似度模型,再通过相似度判断检验假设条件是否成立,以达到目标关联的目的。仿真实验结果表明了该方法关联的正确性。