Measurement and analysis of tyre and tread block dynamics due to contact phenomena

This paper deals with the dynamic behaviour of tyres and it is aimed at describing their dynamic features in the frequency band above 1 kHz, a range difficult to manage due to measurement noise and to the unreliability of numerical models, where the main influence is that of tread and blocks. Measurements have been made possible by fixing three three-axial micro-electro-mechanical system accelerometers on the liner and exciting the tyre under test by means of a dedicated test bench, suitably designed and constructed. Different kinds of tests have been considered in this research and described in the present paper. All of them show that a strong link exists between contact phenomena and tyre response in the frequency band over 1 kHz. This field is dominated by the tread and block dynamic responses. Furthermore, it is shown that vibrations of a sliding tyre give contributions in that frequency range for the above-mentioned reasons. It is thought that the study of the tyre behaviour over 1 kHz, though affected by significant uncertainties, can provide a proper knowledge to improve breaking effectiveness.     

城布轨道交通列车测速系统及算法比较研究

城市轨道交通列车测速系统通常采用多传感器融合方式实现.综合分析了各种速度采集设备的原理、功能、性能及接口,对比了主流测速系统的配置方案、安装布置及系统结构.不同测速算法的设计思路不同:车辆参数法是在车辆防滑控制研究的基础上,提炼出信号系统判定车轮打滑的经验参数;实时检测法则是基于信号系统自身的速度采集设备判定车轮打滑,更加准确、贴近现场实际工况.     

基于轮轴速度传感器和加速度传感器的混合测速测距算法研究

为避免单一轮轴速度传感器在测速测距中存在的问题,设计了一种基于轮轴速度传感器和加速度传感器的混合测速测距算法。经过实验室仿真环境测试,证明该算法能有效地检测出列车是否出现空转或滑行,并保证在列车发生空转或滑行后的测速测距误差能够满足车载控制器对测速测距精度的需求。     

基于点集配准的非接触式地铁限界检测系统标定方法研究

地铁限界是保证地铁车辆安全运行的重要数据,目前使用较多的接触式地铁限界检测存在效率低、无法准确获知超限尺寸的缺点,本文基于激光扫描测距原理开发了一种断面检测密度高、误差小的非接触式地铁限界检测系统。针对非接触式检测系统标定困难影响测量精度的问题,提出了应用机器视觉领域的点集配准迭代最近点(Iterative Closest Point)算法进行系统标定,将2个180°二维激光扫描传感器采集到的数据点拼接成一个完整的基于轨道基准坐标系的测量断面。北京地铁8号线、15号线的现场实验证明,经过该方法标定的限界检测系统可准确获知超限位置和超限尺寸,推行速度为6km/h时采样断面间距密度为0.02m,多次反复测量时系统精度可达±4mm。