中国公路隧道围岩分级法和挪威Q值法及南非RMR法对应关系探讨

该文以德黑兰北部高速公路项目的工程实践为基础,总结了中国公路隧道围岩分级法和挪威Q法及南非RMR法对应关系,为隧道围岩分级的中外技术交流建立共同的平台。     

Productive efficiency of public and private solid waste logistics and its implications for waste management policy

This paper measures the productive efficiency of municipal solid waste (MSW) logistics by applying data envelopment analysis (DEA) to cross-sectional data of prefectures in Japan. Either through public operations or by outsourcing to private waste collection operators, prefectural governments possess the fundamental authority over waste processing operations in Japan. Therefore, we estimate a multi-input multi-output production efficiency at the prefectural level via DEA, employing several different model settings. Our data classify the MSW into household solid waste (HSW) and business solid waste (BSW) collected by both private and public operators as separate outputs, while the numbers of trucks and workers used by private and public operators are used as inputs. The results consistently show that geographical characteristics, such as the number of inhabited remote islands, are relatively more dominant factors for determining inefficiency. While the implication that a minimum efficient scale is not achieved in these small islands is in line with the literature suggesting that waste logistics has increasing returns at the municipal level, our results indicate that waste collection efficiency in Japan is well described by CRS technology at the prefectural level. The results also show that prefectures with higher private-sector participation, measured in terms of HSW collection, are more efficient, whereas a higher private–labor ratio negatively affects efficiency. We also provide evidence that prefectures with inefficient MSW logistics have a higher tendency of suffering from the illegal dumping of industrial waste.     

海洋钻井平台桩腿齿条板与半圆板焊接工艺试验

针对400ft钻井平台桩腿齿条板与半圆板焊接全熔透的新要求,笔者通过试验和不同施焊方法相结合的方式分析了组对间隙和清根与否等因素对Q690E试板接头根部熔深的影响。结果表明,无论采用何种焊接方法,反面清根后施焊,接头熔合状况均良好,且采用实芯焊丝比药芯焊丝接头熔深大。正面气保焊打底,反面不清根采用气保焊施焊,接头熔合不良;而反面采用埋弧焊施焊,接头可实现熔透,但工艺还有待优化,以避免结晶裂纹的产生。     

船用氮气储存罐的筒体和封头焊接工艺分析

Q345R钢是普通低合金高强度钢,广泛的用于压力容器制造行业。其S、P含量控制较严,焊接性较好,但是由于含有一定量的合金元素,淬硬、冷裂倾向都比低碳钢大一些。通过船用氮气储存罐的筒体和封头环焊缝的焊接,分析了Q345R钢的化学成分和机械性能,通过选用合理的焊接材料、坡口形式、焊接方法、焊接工艺来保证储存罐的焊缝质量。     

45Mn17Al3钢单面MIG焊陶瓷衬垫研制及焊接性能研究

45Mn17A13钢是特种船舶船体建造常用的一种低磁钢,为了提高该型船体焊缝的焊接效率和质量,根据45Mn17A13低磁钢焊接特点设计研制符合该型钢焊接要求的陶瓷衬垫。通过对象山焊接衬垫厂设计的陶瓷衬垫进行试验,经多次衬垫材料成分及耐火度的调整,最终定型JN-401D衬垫为45Mn17A13钢单面MIG焊接专用陶瓷衬垫。并对不同衬垫材料、坡口形式、焊接电流及不同电源类型进行单面MIG焊焊接对比及相应的力学性能和金相试验,分析比较其结果,得出了一套针时45Mn17A13钢单面陶瓷衬垫MIG焊的可行性焊接工艺,结果表明45Mn17A13钢使用象山衬垫厂设计的JN-401D陶瓷衬垫单面MIG焊接性能完全能够满足规范要求。     

Q系统围岩分类中几个主要评分因素的一点认识

在国际上,Q系统围岩分类方法在地下工程应用广泛,但对于各个评分因素的含义理解和认识还不完全统一;此外,各个因素评分的实际操作也存在差别,具有一定随意性,影响了围岩分类的准确性。参阅有关资料,结合个人工作经验和实践及认识,对地下建筑物围岩分类Q系统中几个主要评分因素的含义进行了合理解释,并就实际工作中对各个因素的评分提出了一些实用性建议。     

Clean energy and transport pathways for islands: A stakeholder analysis using Q method

Introducing sustainable ways to use energy and transport resources is of paramount importance for creating pathways to more liveable futures. Islands not interconnected to the main grid offer, because of their typically small size, short point-to-point travel distances that suit better than most landscapes the range limitations of today’s electromobile eco-systems. This makes them a unique test-bed that may assist researchers, businesses and policy-makers in developing a better understanding of the diverse opportunities and challenges that come with supporting electric-drive vehicle (EV) infrastructure investments that actively prioritise renewable energy sources (RES). This paper reports the findings of a Q method study that looks into the attitudes of 44 key stakeholders that have a thorough theoretical and empirical knowledge of the existing power and mobility portfolios in such islandic landscapes. Our analysis identifies and presents three distinct groups of stakeholders with different priorities and visions: the ‘Tech Enthusiasts’, the ‘Transform Transport First Supporters’ and the ‘Fiscal Focus Executives’. All our respondents agree on the need for radically transforming the current transport-energy nexus offering. They identify the importance of integrated and clean solutions and recognise that support of pilot applications is more critical than research and development (R&D). They also expect technological breakthroughs to increase market maturities and reduce renewable energy production costs and feel that end-users are still hesitant to buy EVs and need incentives to do so.     

基于竞争循环双Q网络的自适应交通信号控制

为了更加有效且可靠地自适应协调交通流量,以减少车辆的停车等待时间为目标,提出了3DRQN(Dueling Double Deep Recurrent Q Network)算法对交通信号进行控制。算法基于深度Q网络,利用竞争架构、双Q网络和目标网络提高算法的学习性能;引入了LSTM网络编码历史状态信息,减少算法对当前时刻状态信息的依赖,使算法具有更强的鲁棒性。同时,针对实际应用中定位精度不高、车辆等待时间难以获取等问题,设计了低分辨率的状态空间和基于车流压力的奖励函数。基于SUMO建立交叉口的交通流模型,使用湖北省赤壁市交叉口收集的车流数据进行测试,并与韦伯斯特固定配时的策略、全感应式的信号控制策略和基于3DQN(Dueling Double Deep Q Network)的自适应控制策略进行比较。结果表明:所提出的3DRQN算法相较上述3种方法的车辆平均等待时间减少了25%以上。同时,在不同车流量及左转比例的场景中,随着左转比例和车流量的增大,3DRQN算法的车辆平均等待时间会有明显上升,但仍能保持较好效果,在车流量为1 800 pcu·h^-1、左转比例为50%的场景下,3DRQN算法的车辆平均等待时间相比3DQN算法减少约15%,相比感应式方法减少约24%,相比固定时长的方法减少约33%。在车流激增、道路通行受限、传感器失效等特殊场景下,该算法具有良好的适应性,即使在传感器50%失效的极端场景下,也优于固定时长的策略10%以上。表明3DRQN算法具有良好的控制效果,能有效减少车辆的停车等待时间,且具有较好的鲁棒性。     

液晶显示器的汉字显示新方法

以AT90CAN128单片机为基础,介绍了液晶模块与单片机的接口电路,描述了通过串行的DataFlash存储汉字字模数据,同时给出了液晶初始化和显示模块的设计思路以及软件实现,并且简要介绍了该方法在船舶机舱报警监控显示系统的运用.     

大型油轮缆力约束的统计分析

建立大型油码头设计船型,明确其各项特征参数,将有助于开展开敞式码头的系泊设计和试验研究。依据Q88油轮数据,采用覆盖率等方法,对10万吨级及以上油轮的缆力约束参数进行了统计分析,确定了大型油码头设计代表船型的系泊缆力约束参数。研究结果对于码头设计和系泊安全研究具有参考价值。