橡胶粉改性沥青混合料对环境影响的研究

文章通过橡胶粉改性沥青混合料筑路材料对公路噪音和周围水环境的影响监测和试验,得到如下结论:橡胶粉改性沥青混合料能有效地降低噪音的产生;橡胶粉改性沥青混合料沥出液含有有毒物质,但土壤吸附、挥发作用等自然处理方法可消除这些有毒物质的毒性,从而降低橡胶粉改性沥青混合料沥出液对公路周围水环境的影响。     

地铁盾构隧道施工对周边环境影响的监测

地铁盾构隧道在通过不良地质条件地段施工过程中会对地层产生扰动,可能引起地表及周边建筑物变形或沉降,尤其是隧道穿过正在施工的基坑止水幕墙时,可能会拉裂幕墙危及基坑及附近建筑物安全,因此必须进行监测。文章介绍了广州地铁盾构隧道施工过程中的第三方监测的经验和体会,可供同类工程施工中借鉴。     

摩托车轮胎碰撞分析

当摩托车发生碰撞时,前轮胎首先接受到冲击反作用力,这个力将对摩托车运行和骑乘者产生非常严重的后果。通过建立摩托车轮胎有限元模型来模拟摩托车轮胎的碰撞情况,将摩托车前轮胎受到的反作用力十分精确地计算出来,从而进行研究和分析。     

Modelling of wheels and rail discontinuities in dynamic wheel-rail contact analysis

A classification of wheel-rail contact is given. Difference is made between modelling of a running wheel with continuous single-point-contact, as is common practice in wheel-rail contact analysis, and a wheel with transient double- or multi-point-contact, which may occur for rail irregularities with curvatures larger than that of the wheel circumference. It is shown that application of the first model for these irregularities will strongly underestimate the contact forces as it does not describe occurring mechanisms correctly. Further, it is shown that in principle it is not possible to describe the second type of contact fully correct with a lumped wheel model. Both wheel models are formulated mathematically for some basic contact cases. Afterwards, results are applied to a linear track model. Analytical closed-form solutions are found in the frequency domain for arbitrary type of contact and numerically transformed to the time domain. Finally, the necessity is shown to avoid situations where transient multiple-point-contact may occur (like rail joints) in practice.     

水泥混凝土泵车液压系统测试与冲击研究

根据水泥混凝土泵车实际存在的问题 ,对其在不同工况下工作时液压系统的流量、压力、温度等参数进行了测试 ,对实验数据进行了分析与处理 ,提出了减小臂架振幅 ,防止共振发生的途径和方法。     

高速铁路通信信号设备接口雷电防护优化设计

提出了临界防护状态的概念,分析了临界防护状态使设备损坏的原因,提出高速铁路通信信号设备接口雷电防护优化设计方法,通过有效方法掌握被防护对象的耐冲击水平值和SPD各器件的耐受值,做到量化设计,保证防护的可靠性.     

The Impact of Recreation on Barrier Islands: A Case Study on Masonboro Island

Since 1992, coastal researchers at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington have been documenting the impacts of human recreational use on Masonboro Island, a component of the North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve, and the subsequent natural processes that mitigate these impacts. Both short-term and long-term natural mitigational processes were identified. The effects of these processes were found to be much more rapid than similar impacts on typical terrestrial settings. However, careful examination of the data suggests that both physical location of the impact site and natural variability of weather patterns and events play a role. Management implications of these findings are proposed.     

重载铁路混凝土梁常见病害分析及处理对策研究

以朔黄铁路近2000孔混凝土梁为研究对象,开展重载运输对既有铁路混凝土梁的影响分析、常见病害统计及原因分析,并提出相应的加固处理对策。结果表明:重载运输导致桥梁结构主梁、墩台基础、支座等结构横向、竖向和纵向受力大幅增加,活载储备量降低,振动和疲劳加剧,进而引起混凝土梁体开裂、挠度过大、横向振动加剧、梁端顶死等一系列病害大量出现并迅速扩展,轴重和运量的大幅提高是病害快速出现和发展的直接原因,通过采取体外预应力加固、辅助钢梁加固和裂缝灌封等措施,可以达到提高混凝土梁结构承载能力、抗裂性能和耐久性能的目的。     

两种舰船—飞机耦合系统的降阶建模方法

舰船的运动和甲板的变形，对着舰飞机的冲击载荷会产生影响，而该冲击载荷又会直接影响飞行甲板的变形，因此两者的运动是耦合的，需要把它们作为一耦合系统进行分析。本文对该耦合系统提出了两种降阶建模方法。该方法首先对飞行甲板进行动力缩聚，使其只包含在整个降落过程中会与飞机起落架的运动发生耦合的所有自由度，然后把降阶了的模型与飞机一起建工耦合动力学方程。运用该方法建立起来的动力学方程规模将大大减小。通过对某型号飞机及舰船计算表明，本文提出的方法是可行的。     

泥石流作用下桥墩的动力响应分析

由于部分山区桥梁跨越发育冲沟,会受到泥石流的冲击作用,基于桥梁构件能力保护原则,对泥石流作用下桥梁动力响应分析的研究就显得尤为重要。应用有限元动态接触方法对碰撞过程进行数值模拟,选取某高速公路30 m实心T墩建立三维实体有限元模型,分析其在泥石流作用下的动力响应情况。研究表明,在泥石流冲击作用下,块石与桥墩接触区及下部构件连接处应力较大,墩顶位移随上部荷载压力增大而不断减小,即设计应考虑分别提高桥墩的承载能力及其构件连接处的变形能力。