钢梁长圆孔螺栓变形性研究

长圆孔高强螺栓连接不同于普通的螺栓连接,它可以有效改善所连接钢梁的纵向变形性能,避免次弯矩的产生,从而降低梁体的应力应变。长圆孔螺栓的工作性能跟钢梁翼缘与垫块之间的摩擦有密切的联系,摩擦越严重,越不利于梁端的纵向移动。除了跟摩擦有关外,外力荷载,温度荷载,车辆冲击荷载等也会影响钢梁的纵向移动。本文首先根据钢梁端长圆孔变形受力机理提出了长圆孔高强螺栓变形的计算公式,然后结合有限元模拟分析对变形性能做了进一步的分析和验证,最后对现役钢桥中的长圆孔螺栓连接进行了试验研究,并对长圆孔螺栓变形工作性能进行了实际评估。     

SBS改性剂对改性沥青性能的影响现状分析

SBS改性沥青是我国高速公路沥青路面最重要的改性形式,文章对比讨论了SBS改性剂种类、SBS改性剂结构以及原材料老化对SBS改性沥青性能的影响,并分析了某省90#进口沥青组分多年变化情况,说明了控制加工改性沥青原材料质量对确保改性沥青质量至关重要。     

德系车中白车身材料的应用

为了使现代车身满足众多要求,保证非常好的静态和动态刚度,使整车具备良好的行驶性能,文章主要介绍了主流德系车白车身中具有代表性的覆盖件与结构件所用材料,及其在白车身的制造工艺和碰撞等性能中的作用和优缺点。指出未来铝镁合金将在车身材料的构成中占主导地位,车身材料必将沿着更环保、更经济、更高强度及更加轻量化的方向发展。     

轿车用转向节试验方法

为了减少转向节作为安全件在客户使用过程中发生疲劳及冲击断裂的风险,文章对轿车用转向节设计验证方法进行研究,采用台架疲劳试验和台架冲击试验的方法对某轿车用转向节进行了验讧。通过试验,加强了样件薄弱处的设计并对不合格样件进行了整改。经批量市场考验,通过台架疲劳及冲击验证的转向节在客户使用过程中减少了断裂的风险,提高了产品的质量,具有非常高的使用价值。,     

提高轨道交通环境影响评价公众参与有效性的建议

总结轨道交通行业环境影响与防治特点,梳理轨道交通项目敏感点特性及公众参与的要求,结合近期轨道交通行业公众参与风险排查统计结果,归纳轨道交通行业环境影响评价中公众参与存在的问题,主要是部分建设项目参与程序存在瑕疵、参与形式缺乏一定的公正性、公众调查缺乏一定的针对性、分析结果缺乏一定的真实性。剖析影响公众参与有效性的深层原因,从法律法规、机制体制、参与形式、统计方法等方面,提出提高公众参与有效性、降低轨道交通环境影响和社会影响的对策建议。     

欧洲和我国有关金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法标准的对比

从标准的制定、试验原理、适用范围、试样及设备的要求、试验过程、试验结果的表示及评定等方面,对比EN 10045-1:1990《金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验第1部分: 试验方法》和GB/T 229—2007《金属材料 夏比摆锤冲击试验方法》,说明2个标准在试样形状尺寸、试验程序及试验结果表示等方面存在的差异,由此导致试验结果评定会产生较大的不同。     

A real-time impact detection and diagnosis system of catenary using measured strains by fibre Bragg grating sensors

This paper describes an impact detection system using strain signals based on fibre optic sensors(FBG) for the real-time monitoring of the catenary system. The proposed detection system consists of three subsystems: a measuring system, a data processing and analysis system, and a status display and data access system. Because the strain signals obey the normal distribution, to monitor the catenary system in real time, a novel method that combines mobile standard deviation with the mobile Pauta criterion is proposed to distinguish real impact from the strain signal background. The use of this adaptive judging method reduces the misjudgment rate of impacts and improves the impact recognition accuracy. These impacts can be identified by the data analysis system, which provides impact location and their causes using the features of the catenary system. This method can simplify the detection system compared with the traditional location method. An application to a commercial metro line system indicated that the impacts on the catenary system were main caused by overlaps, expansion joints or steady arms, and were verified by correspondence with the floor plan of the catenary and manual inspection results. These results verified the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed impact detection system.     

磨抛机器人气电力控末端执行器负载特性研究

针对现有船舶制造业中人工打磨或砂带磨削等磨抛作业难以满足智能制造需求的现状,提出一种面向船舶磨抛机器人的气电混合式力控末端执行器,采用自适应变参数PID控制器对非对称气缸的气动力与大推力永磁直线同步电机的电磁力进行协调控制,实现作业接触力的实时补偿与精确控制。通过对气动系统、永磁直线同步电机系统、环境工件、力和速度控制器等进行建模与数值仿真,研究其负载波动响应与抗负载冲击特性。仿真结果表明,相比气动力控系统,气电混合式力控系统可消除气动系统振荡特性的影响,在35Hz范围内振动负载作用下的最大力波动幅值由138N(约为稳态值46%)减小至25N(约为稳态值8.4%)；在阶跃负载作用下气缸活塞杆位移振荡和接触力冲击次数显著减少,调整时间分别仅为前者的32.3%和27.3%,有效提高了抗负载波动与冲击特性,可提升船舶磨抛机器人作业质量。     

列车撞击作用下盾构隧道管片接头错动和张开分析

建立盾构隧道三维数值模型,在管片内侧施加特定速度和角度的列车脱轨撞击荷载,获取与被撞击块相连6颗螺栓所在位置的接头错动及张开量时程曲线。通过对比分析在撞击过程中不同位置接头的错动和张开量变化趋势以及出现的最大张开、错动量,揭示在列车小角度撞击作用下盾构隧道管片接头张开和错动特性。结果表明:在速度200 km/h列车斜向12.5°撞击作用下,各螺栓位置的管片接头均出现不同程度的张开和错动,在撞击过程中各位置接头出现的最大错动量均远远超过实际工程中的限值;相对于管片接头的错动,撞击作用所造成的各位置接头平均张开量相对较小,某些位置接头在整个撞击过程中始终未发生张开。研究所得结论对盾构隧道的结构防撞和防水设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Wakes from Large High-Speed Ferries in Confined Coastal Waters: Management Approaches with Examples from New Zealand and Denmark

Large high-speed craft carrying passengers and vehicles produce wake waves that are different from both conventional vessels and smaller fast vessels. Wakes from these high-speed craft can cause environmental problems (such as beach change, ecological disturbance, and damage to structures and archaeological sites) and safety problems (for navigation and for users of the beach and nearshore) in confined waters. As a consequence of the higher speed, the vessel wakes also have a longer period than wakes caused by conventional ships and may lead to substantial wave action in shallow water environments. In both New Zealand and Denmark, issues relating to high-speed craft wakes were not addressed until after the vessels had begun operation, and complex coastal management issues with possibly broader application have had to be addressed. Emerging management strategies have involved regulation using speed and wave height criteria.