某乘用车侧面碰撞安全性仿真分析

为研究某乘用车型在发生侧面碰撞时是否满足国家安全标准,以有限元仿真为基础,对该乘用车进行侧面碰撞安全性分析.首先搭建整车侧面碰撞模型并设置计算参数;然后将模型的k文件导入到LS-DYNA软件中进行仿真计算;最后利用后处理软件观察整车碰撞时序图及B柱的变形模式,并参照国家侧面碰撞相关法规,发现该乘用车型存在B柱侵入量及侵...     

汽车座椅滑车碰撞有限元分析与试验研究

对汽车座椅进行了滑车碰撞试验，根据试验数据建立了汽车座椅滑车碰撞动态特性仿真模型，采用PAM—CRASH软件进行了仿真分析。仿真与试验结果对比表明，各测点的试验应力与仿真应力曲线很接近．所建立的有限元模型是正确的，可以有效指导汽车座椅的设计并提高设计效率。     

地质稳定与生态环境的相互影响及评价

文章基于灾变链式理论,阐述了地质稳定和生态环境的相互依存关系,分析了地质灾害对生态环境造成的效益损失,提出运用模糊综合评判法对生态环境影响下的地质稳定性进行分析,并将该方法运用于重庆长寿区一滑坡实例,分析了该滑坡地质稳定性及其所造成的生态效益损失。     

地铁碰撞事故中站姿假人的响应仿真与损伤预测

地铁车辆中站姿乘员的复杂状态是造成难以预测碰撞损伤的主要因素之一。本文针对站姿假人约束状态、站立方向进行定义与分类,以特定碰撞场景(25km/h两车对撞)下已实现的车体碰撞过程仿真结果为边界条件,建立特定场景下假人损伤评估方法与相关参数阈值定义;获得基于假人的姿态响应、头部加速度、胸部加速度以及腿部受力碰撞时间历程仿真数据。损伤预测表明:站姿乘员在地铁碰撞事故中受到伤害的部位主要集中在头部、颈部和胸部,可能导致乘客脑震荡,颅骨骨折,肋骨骨折等。扶手提供的保护有限。乘员站立方向与损伤程度之间无显著规律,假人碰撞响应的力学参数最大值可作为结构设计与预测的依据。     

冲击压实技术在路基工程中的应用

冲击压实机是具有高冲击能量的压实机械,它将振动压实的高频率低振幅改为高振幅低频率。在牵引机拖动下,周期性地冲击地面,产生强烈的冲击波,向地下深层传播,具有地震波的传递特性。并对冲击压实的作用原理,压实功效以及冲击压实在填石路基中的应用作了介绍。     

朝阳凌凤钢管混凝土拱桥荷载试验

对朝阳的一座540m钢管混凝土拱桥,进行了通车前的动载试验,动力特性试验进行了模态测试以及跑车、刹车、跳车试验,获得了大桥固有频率和模态、动力荷载作用下的冲击系数,了解了该桥在建成后的工作状态和安全承载能力.     

Living with aircraft noise: Airport proximity,aviation noise and subjective wellbeing in England

Airport expansion is an issue of intense public debate due to the potential impacts on climate change and the quality of life of affected local communities. This paper is the first study to analyse the relationships between airports and multiple subjective wellbeing measures, by merging national-level population statistics with noise measurement maps for seventeen English airports. The presence of daytime aviation noise was found to consistently negatively impact on five subjective wellbeing measures. We found a marginal negative association with every additional decibel of aircraft noise. We found no significant association between wellbeing and living within night-time noise contours or living in close airport proximity. We conclude that living under air traffic flight paths has a negative effect on peoples’ overall and momentary wellbeing, equivalent to around half the effect of being a smoker for some wellbeing measures. The subjective wellbeing method findings support wider revealed preference literature showing lower market demand in areas affected by aviation noise.     

Development of a Secondary Crash Identification Algorithm and occurrence pattern determination in large scale multi-facility transportation network

Secondary crash (SC) occurrences are non-recurrent in nature and lead to significant increase in traffic delay and reduced safety. National, state, and local agencies are investing substantial amount of resources to identify and mitigate secondary crashes in order to reduce congestion, related fatalities, injuries, and property damages. Though a relatively small portion of all crashes are secondary, their identification along with the primary contributing factors is imperative. The objective of this study is to develop a procedure to identify SCs using a static and a dynamic approach in a large-scale multimodal transportation networks. The static approach is based on pre-specified spatiotemporal thresholds while the dynamic approach is based on shockwave principles. A Secondary Crash Identification Algorithm (SCIA) was developed to identify SCs on networks. SCIA was applied on freeways using both the static and the dynamic approach while only static approach was used for arterials due to lack of disaggregated traffic flow data and signal-timing information. SCIA was validated by comparison to observed data with acceptable results from the regression analysis. SCIA was applied in the State of Tennessee and results showed that the dynamic approach can identify SCs with better accuracy and consistency. The methodological framework and processes proposed in this paper can be used by agencies for SC identification on networks with minimal data requirements and acceptable computational time.     

减压环在被动柔性防护网中的耗能作用研究

基于落石防护措施受力系统的复杂性及不同系统参数研究的有效性角度考虑,数值方法正成为研究被动柔性防护网动态受力行为的重要手段。为研究被动柔性防护网中的减压环在落石冲击作用下的耗能及缓冲作用,以实际被动柔性防护网为原型,建立含减压环及不含减压环的两种被动柔性防护网有限元模型,基于ANSYS/LSDYNA分析两种防护网在不同冲击能量及冲击位置下的动力响应。研究结果表明:减压环可增强被动柔性防护网的柔性、改善作用部位的性能,同时能显著地提高被动柔性防护网的耗能能力。同时,数值结果的对比分析为下一步试验设计以校正有限元模型和研究实体构件受力特征提供了参考依据。     

几何一致性对整车结构碰撞仿真影响

有限元仿真分析为车身结构CAD设计及性能控制提供指导和参考，要求具有可靠的仿真结果，因此大力提升计算机模拟精度势在必行。文章介绍了在有限元建模过程中网格与几何的一致性对整车结构碰撞仿真的影响，探讨了网格贴合精度、重要特征处理和调整厚度穿透对计算结果的影响，并进行了分析对比，找出了影响仿真精度的若干因素，对碰撞分析模型的正确建立及结果的可靠性分析和实车碰撞状态的有效反应具有指导意义。