The impact of road grade on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of a passenger vehicle in real-world driving

To accurately estimate real-world vehicle emission at 1 Hz the road grade for each second of data must be quantified. Failure to incorporate road grade can result in over or underestimation of a vehicle’s power output and hence cause inaccuracy in the instantaneous emission estimate. This study proposes a simple LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) – GIS (Geographic Information System) road grade estimation methodology, using GIS software to interpolate the elevation for each second of data from a Digital Terrain Map (DTM). On-road carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from a passenger car were recorded by Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) over 48 test laps through an urban-traffic network. The test lap was divided into 8 sections for micro-scale analysis. The PHEM instantaneous emission model (Hausberger, 2003) was employed to estimate the total CO₂ emission through each lap and section. The addition of the LiDAR-GIS road grade to the PHEM modelling improved the accuracy of the CO₂ emission predictions. The average PHEM estimate (with road grade) of the PEMS measured section total CO₂ emission (n = 288) was 93%, with 90% of the PHEM estimates between 80% and 110% of the PEMS recorded value. The research suggests that instantaneous emission modelling with LiDAR-GIS calculated road grade is a viable method for generating accurate real-world micro-scale CO₂ emission estimates. The sensitivity of the CO₂ emission predictions to road grade was also tested by lessening and exaggerating the gradient profiles, and demonstrates that assuming a flat profile could cause considerable error in real-world CO₂ emission estimation.     

基于雷达和视觉技术的车辆跟踪窗口

针对基于视觉技术的运动检测鲁棒性差、计算量大的缺点,提出一种融合雷达与视觉信息建立车辆跟踪窗口的方法。采用动力学模型描述车辆运动,通过基于雷达量测的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)估计,确定目标初始位置,然后根据灰度信息自适应调整跟踪窗口的中心位置及尺寸,快速而准确地建立起以目标形心为中心且适合目标大小的跟踪窗口,缩小了后续图像处理区域。三维场景仿真实验证明,该融合方法能快速有效地建立起目标的跟踪窗口。     

南友高速公路通信系统应用现状及升级改造方案

文章针对南友高速公路通信系统的使用现状,阐述了系统运行过程中存在的问题,提出了系统升级改造的具体方案,并对方案的预期效果进行了分析,为类似路段的通信系统升级改造提供参考依据。     

百色物流公共信息平台建设的探讨

文章阐述建设百色市物流公共信息平台的必要性,分析构建百色市物流公共信息平台的现状及面临的问题,提出百色市物流公共信息平台建设的保障措施。     

交流伺服系统低速等效负载扰动的补偿控制

本文针对交流伺服系统低速运行时受非线性摩擦因素造成的速度不稳定现象，提出了有效的等效负载扰动补偿控制方法．仿真与实验表明，该方案结构简单、鲁棒性强、效果良好。     

机务生产管理信息系统的开发及应用

通过介绍机务生产管理信息系统开发过程,阐述了企业计算机网络建设和计算机信息管理系统在机车运用管理中的应用.并对铁路运输企业中建设和开发管理信息系统需要重视的几个问题及其解决方法作了探讨.     

铁路信息系统工程监理工作的探讨

铁路信息系统建设实行工程监理制度,是提高信息系统工程建设项目投资效率、工程质量和技术性能的可靠保证,是推进铁路信息化进程的基础.     

长株潭城市群连续运行参考站系统的研究与实现

采用虚拟参考站(VRS)技术,结合应用长株潭城市群一体化的实际情况;从VRS的关键技术、总体方案、控制中心和基准站方案等方面对连续运行参考站系统进行分析和设计.     

CAN总线在车辆空气制动试风系统中的应用研究

随着铁路信息化、数字化的发展,铁路运营和检修设备的安全性和实时性的要求越来越高.车辆单车试风系统也正在经历这一过程.基于CAN总线的货车单车试风系统的设计,包括CAN总线的简介,系统的整体设计原理框图,上位机和下位CAN节点硬件设计与实现,下位CAN节点控制系统的软件设计与流程,上位工控计算机管理信息系统的构成和功能,在现场的应用情况.     

A GIS‐based traffic analysis zone design: implementation and evaluation

The purpose of this paper is to implement an efficient method for GIS‐based traffic analysis zone (TAZ) design in order to evaluate and validate such a method. The method was developed by the authors.

Moran's I spatial autocorrelation coefficient and sample variance are used for evaluating the generated TAZs using the Champaign‐Urbana, IL region as a case study. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to explore the fluctuations in TAZ generation outcomes. The evaluation, the validation as well as the TAZ design have been implemented with ARC/INFO GIS software on a UNIX workstation platform.