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741.
唐辉 《上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2006,14(2):71-74
刘勰文体论是一个逻辑严密的文化叙事系统。以“文”观念为基础,刘勰讨论了诗歌以下等十六种具体文体。总体上看,刘勰文体论既重文体的自然起源,又重文体的义理关系,体现了事实描写、逻辑描写与知识寓意、审美寓意相统一的文化精神。 相似文献
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William M. Lyons 《Transportation》1995,22(3):217-240
In combination, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) are innovative and aggressive efforts to move US cities toward integrated transportation and air quality planning. Under these complementary laws, air quality has become a major national transportation goal. In areas with serious air pollution, air quality will be a major consideration in determining the future shape of urban transportation.This paper considers how the CAAA and ISTEA combine to provide an innovative national policy approach of interest to countries seeking to encourage sustainable development in urban centers. The CAAA mandates measurable and enforceable air quality targets. Nation-wide standards are set for acceptable levels of carbon monoxide, ground level ozone, and small particulates. ISTEA includes directions for transportation planners and decision-makers to follow to reach air quality and other goals — transportation planning must emphasize system efficiency, and for cities with severe air pollution, transportation projects are expected to contribute to cleaner air. Each urban area has flexibility in how it applies this framework to reflect its priorities and solve its problems. Strict federal sanctions provide incentives for compliance with both laws.Enactment of these laws has produced a period of transition and uncertainty as well as of challenge and opportunity for planners and elected officials. The next several years, the US will provide one national laboratory and over 100 different urban laboratories for innovative approaches to integrate transportation and environmental policies to resolve major urban problems.Abbreviations CAAA
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
- CO
Carbon monoxide
- ECO
Employee Commute Option
- EPA
US Environmental Protection Agency
- HC
Transportation hydrocarbons
- I/M
Inspections and maintenance program
- ISTEA
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991
- MPO
Metropolitan planning organizations
- NOx
Nitrogen oxides
- PPM
Parts per million
- PM10
Small particulate matter
- SIP
State Implementation Plan
- TIP
Transportation Improvement Program
- TCM
Transportation control measures
- VMT
Vehicle miles traveled 相似文献
744.
船用控制装置的结构电磁兼容设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过对船用控制装置中电磁干扰传播途径、各类屏蔽机理的分析,提出了船用控制装置结构设计中解决电磁兼容问题的几种有效方法. 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(8):1047-1065
Vehicle stability and active safety control depend heavily on tyre forces available on each wheel of a vehicle. Since tyre forces are strongly affected by the tyre–road friction coefficient, it is crucial to optimise the use of the adhesion limits of the tyres. This study presents a hybrid method to identify the road friction limitation; it contributes significantly to active vehicle safety. A hybrid estimator is developed based on the three degrees-of-freedom vehicle model, which considers longitudinal, lateral and yaw motions. The proposed hybrid estimator includes two sub-estimators: one is the vehicle state information estimator using the unscented Kalman filter and another is the integrated road friction estimator. By connecting two sub-estimators simultaneously, the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate the road friction coefficient. The performance of the proposed estimation algorithm is validated in CarSim/Matlab co-simulation environment under three different road conditions (high-μ, low-μ and mixed-μ). Simulation results show that the proposed estimator can assess vehicle states and road friction coefficient with good accuracy. 相似文献