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This paper compares recent experiences in contract negotiation and subsequent commitment in public air services with the bus industry. The heart of the paper is a survey of European and Australian regional airlines, which we mirror with revealed experiences of bus operators. We aim to identify a number of elements in the contracting regimes that have exposed ambiguity and significant gaps in what the principal (e.g., transport department) expected, and what the agent (airline or bus operator) believed they were obliged to deliver. Ultimately airline and bus services are similar in that public authorities procure transport services that are desirable for the society but would be unprofitable without government involvement. In both sectors (theoretically fairly similar) public transport contracts are used, and those usually include obligations and performance measurements. In terms of similarities, one of the surveyed contract details that had a perceived high clarity in both industries was “payment procedures” and amongst those with rather poor clarity was also in both industries “incentives to improve performance and grow patronage”. We also show differences between regional air services and bus operations with regard to performance measurement and pre-specified obligations. Because of the strong safety culture around air services we find that regulation and trusting partnerships are even more important to aviation than to the bus sector. Because of the high level of trust but also because of simpler and more complete contracts in aviation, there is much less (re-)negotiation going on compared to the bus operations. 相似文献
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Abstract Enhancing the bus experience through improved information provision is a key element of UK Government transport policy. Real time passenger information (RTPI) is perceived to reassure waiting passengers, to benefit the bus operator through increased revenue and the local authority, by promoting social inclusion and achieving a modal shift. RTPI also provides an important tool for operators by allowing them to monitor services and refine their schedules. The aim of this paper is to understand the reasons for implementing RTPI in the bus sector, and to determine the key issues impacting on the likely success of such a policy. A case study approach investigates the experiences of two provincial towns in the UK. The paper suggests that, whilst it is unclear whether RTPI has resulted in an increase in bus patronage, it is considered to be most effective when combined as part of a package of measures. It is intended that the findings from the two case studies will reveal lessons of relevance to authorities contemplating the introduction of RTPI. 相似文献
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文中分析了天津港水深信号台进行技术改造的必要性和实施条件,描述了总体建设的原则,初步设计了建设的内容和实现的功能。 相似文献
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文章针对目前国内船舶的各类业务应用普遍处于分离状态,船岸沟通不便导致信息的脱节的问题,设计了一种船舶信息管理系统,并详细说明了系统的硬件、软件及系统数据库及E-R图,具有一定的实际工程化应用意义。 相似文献
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介绍目前铁路运输管理信息系统(TMIS)日常管理中自动转移备份数据方面的经验,以迎水桥编组站现车信息管理系统为模式详细介绍了备份数据自动转移的方法. 相似文献
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高等职业教育办学模式的国际比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
赵明安 《武汉船舶职业技术学院学报》2009,8(2):1-6
高职教育模式具有三个层次——宏观国家战略、中观办学模式、微观教学模式。从办学模式的层面上,德国国家控制下的教育行政与行业协会主导模式、美国国家监控下区域行政主导模式、英国国家职业资格框架下教育行政主导模式。三国模式的成功经验表明,高职教育的健康发展既需要政府政策与经济支持、行业组织积极参与、高职院校治理结构改革,又需要转变管理方式,探索国家监控下,教育行政主导、行业积极参与的办学模式。 相似文献
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介绍车站铁路货车蓬布信息管理系统的软件设计、开发情况和详细功能,说明该系统的技术可行性、实际应用效果和推广前景. 相似文献