Experimental investigations on the damping effect due to passengers on flexural vibrations of railway vehicle carbody and basic studies on the mimicry of the effect with simple substitutions

The effect of passengers on a railway vehicle is usually considered as additional mass in designing a carbody. However, previous studies by means of stationary excitation tests or running tests using actual vehicles indicate that passengers behave not as mass but as damping. In this paper, the authors examined the passengers' damping effect under controlled excitation conditions on a roller rig through a series of excitation tests using a commuter-type vehicle. Large and multi-modal reductions of flexural vibrations of the carbody were observed when passengers existed. Influences of the number of passengers, distributions and postures of passengers were investigated. The authors also tried to mimic the damping effect by passengers using flexible tanks filled with fluids. Three kinds of fluids which have different viscosities have been tested. As a result of the excitation tests, good vibration reduction effects were observed by applying those tanks, and it has been found that the flexible tanks filled with fluids bring about vibration reduction effect (including multi-modal reduction) which is equal to or rather better than the case of similar mass of passengers in the carbody; the difference of viscosity gave little affect on the damping abilities. From these measurement results, a possibility of realising effective damping devices against flexural vibrations of railway vehicle carbodies representing passengers damping effect, in a simple, economical and environmental friendly way, has been demonstrated.     

A parallel algorithm for train rescheduling

One of the crucial factors in achieving a high punctuality in railway traffic systems, is the ability to effectively reschedule the trains when disturbances occur. The railway traffic rescheduling problem is a complex task to solve both from a practical and a computational perspective. Problems of practically relevant sizes have typically a very large search space, making them time-consuming to solve even for state-of-the-art optimization solvers. Though competitive algorithmic approaches are a widespread topic of research, not much research has been done to explore the opportunities and challenges in parallelizing them. This paper presents a parallel algorithm to efficiently solve the real-time railway rescheduling problem on a multi-core parallel architecture. We devised (1) an effective way to represent the solution space as a binary tree and (2) a novel sequential heuristic algorithm based on a depth-first search (DFS) strategy that quickly traverses the tree. Based on that, we designed a parallel algorithm for a multi-core architecture, which proved to be 10.5 times faster than the sequential algorithm even when run on a single processing core. When executed on a parallel machine with 8 cores, the speed further increased by a factor of 4.68 and every disturbance scenario in the considered case study was solved within 6 s. We conclude that for the problem under consideration, though a sequential DFS approach is fast in several disturbance scenarios, it is notably slower in many other disturbance scenarios. The parallel DFS approach that combines a DFS with simultaneous breadth-wise tree exploration, while being much faster on an average, is also consistently fast across all scenarios.     

Prediction of ground vibration amplitudes due to urban railway traffic using quantitative and qualitative field data

The growth of railway transport in urban areas has lead to an increase in ground vibrations enhancing their negative environmental impact. Therefore is mandatory to predict and control ground vibrations. This work presents a methodology for the determination of prediction models of ground vibration amplitudes due to railway train circulation in urban environments. Using quantitative predictors (train speed and distance) and qualitative predictors (railway track type, dominant geology and building type), being the use of the latter predictors justified by the fact that, most frequently, quantitative parameters are very difficult to obtain in the urban environment due to their characterization. Thus, a detailed statistical study based on the proposal and validation of multiple linear regression models, is successfully applied in order to predict vibration amplitudes produced by railway train circulation, in the considered domain, as function of quantitative and qualitative predictors, easily obtained in field work. A multiple linear regression model for ground vibration prediction due to underground railway traffic has been presented for the Lisbon area.     

雪峰山特长隧道沟槽盖板塑钢模具施工技术

结合雪峰山特长隧道沟槽盖板施工,介绍采用塑钢模具生产沟槽盖板的工艺流程、技术要点和质量控制措施。运用塑钢模具进行沟槽盖板生产效果较好,可在当前及未来预制混凝土构件施工中进一步推广运用。     

桥建合一玻璃幕墙结构动力特性仿真分析

高速铁路客运站房大型幕墙是一种桥建合一的结构体系,由于玻璃幕墙体系与列车轨道梁紧密相联,高速列车通过时可能引起玻璃幕墙共振的问题。因此,在设计幕墙结构体系时,行车振动对玻璃幕墙结构体系的影响必须予以考虑。以某高速铁路站房玻璃幕墙结构为研究对象,运用有限元方法进行数值动力仿真分析,分析结果表明:行车振动荷载不会使幕墙结构产生共振;双边列车通行相比单边列车通行,幕墙结构产生的平面外振动位移要大;当行车振动荷载激振方式为竖向力激振时,竖向激振荷载作用下幕墙结构的平面外振动位移很小。     

西宁站站房大跨拱型桁架高空滑移技术研究

为了满足施工进度和吊装空间要求,西宁火车站屋面大跨拱型桁架采用高空滑移法安装。高空滑移法作为大跨度空间钢结构常用的施工技术具有施工作业面小、吊装就位准确性高、结构成型质量高等综合技术优势。但屋盖结构在整体滑移过程中结构的边界条件、荷载状态、内力分布均时刻发生着变化,且影响因素相互关联,因此需要对屋盖结构高空滑移的全过程进行计算分析。设计中利用有限元软件建立结构整体有限元模型,对西宁站站房屋面大跨度钢桁架在累积滑移施工过程进行全过程模拟分析,对屋面桁架和滑移过程中的支撑胎架的受力和变形进行全程监控和验算。     

铁路桥梁墩身表面裂纹整治及安全性分析

针对某铁路特大桥在施工过程中出现的部分墩身表面裂纹,分析裂纹发生原因,应用静、动力分析方法对桥墩结构进行安全性评估,得出墩身表面裂纹对墩身强度及刚度等设计控制因素影响较小、不影响桥墩正常使用的结论,提出结构加固整治措施并付诸实施。建成后进行的行车检测表明,桥梁结构安全,完全满足运营要求。     

新建银川至西安铁路庆阳至西安段建设方案研究

为了确定银西线庆阳至西安段合理的建设方案,重点研究客货共线方案、客运专线方案和先接西平、部分缓建3个方案。综合考虑项目功能定位、通道走向、地形条件,结合路网运量,建设时序、路网分工、投资规模等多方面因素进行综合分析比较研究,研究结论为:银西线庆阳至西安段应按照客货共线方案一次建成。     

金台铁路越岭特长隧道设计方案研究

金华至台州铁路的技术标准为单线预留双线,地形和地质条件复杂的越岭段存在隧道方案单双线的比较、工程投资、施工安全、工期控制及防灾救援体系等诸多设计难点。通过对隧道两端的接线条件、会让站的设置、地质条件、单线与双线、施工方法、防灾救援、工期、工程投资及环保等多方面的研究,在确保工期合理、节省投资和运营支出、施工安全可控的前提下,推荐采用18.37 km特长隧道的越岭方案,并采用一次双线分期实施,进口钻爆法+出口1台TBM施工的隧道设计方案。     

四线铁路超宽圆端形薄壁空心桥墩温度效应分析

以兰渝铁路四线车站桥的圆端形空心桥墩为对象,对其实测温度场分布数据进行分析总结,并采用ANSYS软件三维瞬态热-应力耦合场分析方法,对其在寒潮降温和日照升温作用下温度应力进行计算。结果表明,四线超宽空心墩与普通双线空心墩的温度效应表现相当,并无十分明显的差别,温差应力并不会因为超宽而出现特别明显的增大或减小现象,纵向隔板的设置对超宽空心墩的温度效应没有特别明显的影响和作用,但由温差引起的空心墩环向和竖向应力值较大,需要设置合理的墩身钢筋解决混凝土开裂问题。