考虑多路径选择的定制电动公交线路优化

为提高定制电动公交系统运营效率,本文探讨了考虑多路径选择的定制电动公交线路优化问题.首先,构建描述该问题的混合整数规划模型,以实现线路与路径的双重决策优化.模型以运营总收益最大化为目标,在约束中考虑定制电动公交特性,如车容量,乘客出行时间窗,续航里程,访问站点数等.其次,为求解模型,设计新的自适应大邻域搜索算法,提出相...     

市域轨道交通线路快慢列车停站方案研究

为解决市域通勤客流欲快速到达目的地的需求问题,以乘客的出行时间节约值最大为优化 目标,建立大小交路条件下的快慢列车停站方案模型。基于乘客出行时间效益优先原则,考虑乘客候车时间、乘客在车区间运行时间、乘客在车等待时间以及越行对慢车乘客的延误和快车乘客 的时间变化影响等因素,构建了目标函数,同时以列车开行密度、满载率等作为约束条件,建立 0-1 整数规划模型。通过在实际算例中运用遗传-禁忌算法对模型进行求解,得到快车的最佳停站方案,并将计算所得方案的乘客出行时间与相同交路条件、发车间隔以及开行比例下的普通站站 停开行模式的时间进行了对比分析。结果表明,该方案可以节省总出行时间约8 062h,节省人均出行时间约8.5min,人均延误时间约0.86min,总体提高了乘客出行效率和服务水平,具有有效性和合理性。     

不规则物流园区功能区块布局模型与算法

物流园区功能区块的合理布局对于降低物流成本、提高物流作业效率有重要意义.传统的研究主要建立在假定物流园区是矩形的理想情况下,本文基于栅格数据结构,构建了以运输成本最小为目标的不规则物流园区功能区块布局的集合划分模型,并引入了栅格图像矢量化技术,用于提取布局形成后的图像拓扑结构,获得路网信息,然后设计了基于割树技术的变邻域搜索算法进行求解.最后以某物流园区为例,通过MATLAB编程计算得出布局方案,验证了本文模型和算法的有效性.     

基于单总线温度测控系统的前端拓扑网络设计

温度测控系统的前端模块的设计基于单总线（1-Wire Bus）技术,利用数字温度传感器DSl8820构建成1-Wire树型拓扑网络,最大限度地减少单片机的硬件资源占用、软件设计中采用二叉树搜索算法自动完成整个网络的器件搜索．系统设计了完善的上下位机间的通讯协议来保证温度采集的数据的传输的可靠性和准确性,为上位机控制系统提供实时、准确的数据．     

Joint leisure travel optimization with user-generated data via perceived utility maximization

The lack of personalized solutions for managing the demand of joint leisure trips in cities in real time hinders the optimization of transportation system operations. Joint leisure activities can account for up to 60% of trips in cities and unlike fixed trips (i.e., trips to work where the arrival time and the trip destination are predefined), leisure activities offer more optimization flexibility since the activity destination and the arrival times of individuals can vary.To address this problem, a perceived utility model derived from non-traditional data such as smartphones/social media for representing users’ willingness to travel a certain distance for participating in leisure activities at different times of day is presented. Then, a stochastic annealing search method for addressing the exponential complexity optimization problem is introduced. The stochastic annealing method suggests the preferred location of a joint leisure activity and the arrival times of individuals based on the users’ preferences derived from the perceived utility model. Test-case implementations of the approach used 14-month social media data from London and showcased an increase of up to 3 times at individuals’ satisfaction while the computational complexity is reduced to almost linear time serving the real-time implementation requirements.     

Route design for last-in,first-out deliveries with backhauling

The retail route design problem extends the capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows by introducing several operational constraints, including order loading and delivery restrictions (last-in, first-out), order-dependent vehicle capacity, material handling limits at the warehouse, backhauling, and driving time bounds. In this paper, the problem is modeled on a directed network for an application associated with a major grocery chain. Because the corresponding mixed-integer program proved too difficult to solve with commercial software for real instances, we developed a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) augmented with tabu search to provide solutions. Testing was done using data sets provided Kroger, the largest grocery chain in the US, and benchmarked against a previously developed column generation algorithm. The results showed that cost reductions of $4887 per day or 5.58% per day on average, compared to Kroger’s corresponding solutions.     

The Share-a-Ride problem with stochastic travel times and stochastic delivery locations

We consider two stochastic variants of the Share-a-Ride problem: one with stochastic travel times and one with stochastic delivery locations. Both variants are formulated as a two-stage stochastic programming model with recourse. The objective is to maximize the expected profit of serving a set of passengers and parcels using a set of homogeneous vehicles. Our solution methodology integrates an adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic and three sampling strategies for the scenario generation (fixed sample size sampling, sample average approximation, and sequential sampling procedure). A computational study is carried out to compare the proposed approaches. The results show that the convergence rate depends on the source of stochasticity in the problem: stochastic delivery locations converge faster than stochastic travel times according to the numerical test. The sample average approximation and the sequential sampling procedure show a similar performance. The performance of the fixed sample size sampling is better compared to the other two approaches. The results suggest that the stochastic information is valuable in real-life and can dramatically improve the performance of a taxi sharing system, compared to deterministic solutions.     

客户配送要求变动下的VRPSDP干扰管理优化

为解决客户配送要求变动对VRPSDP方案造成的干扰问题，从成本和服务时间两个方面，就干扰事件对原物流配送车辆路径方案造成的影响进行了干扰辨识分析.构建了VRPSDP干扰管理模型，并设计基于禁忌搜索的调度算法.从Solomon标准测试算例中随机抽取6组算例对模型和算法的有效性进行验证.结果显示，本文的干扰管理方案与传统的增派车辆和全局重调度方案相比较，广义总费用偏离有明显地降低，且本文方法能够在较短的时间内生成满意的物流配送车辆调度调整方案.     

A case study of Beijing bus crew scheduling: a variable neighborhood‐based approach

Crew scheduling for bus drivers in large bus agencies is known to be a time‐consuming and cumbersome problem in transit operations planning. This paper investigates a new meta‐heuristics approach for solving real‐world bus‐driver scheduling problems. The drivers' work is represented as a series of successive pieces of work with time windows, and a variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithm is employed to solve the problem of driver scheduling. Examination of the modeling procedure developed is performed by a case study of two depots of the Beijing Public Transport Group, one of the largest transit companies in the world. The results show that a VNS‐based algorithm can reduce total driver costs by up to 18.1%, implying that the VNS algorithm may be regarded as a good optimization technique to solve the bus‐driver scheduling problem. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改进最小二乘支持向量机的电力机车牵引电机建模

介绍利用最小二乘支持向量机的回归理论对牵引电机磁化曲线进行拟合,从而建立准确的电力机车牵引电机模型的方法.针对最小二乘支持向量机参数选择耗时长的问题,提出一种基于三步搜索技术的参数选择方法.理论分析及仿真结果表明,该方法可优化选择最小二乘支持向量机的参数,并可提高最小二乘支持向量机的建模速度.将该方法用于电力机车牵引电机建模的参数选择,仿真结果表明,该方法建立的电力机车牵引电机模型精确度高,可用于对电力机车主电路性能及控制策略的研究.