沥青路面再生设备的现状与发展--浅谈连续式双滚筒再生搅拌设备的发展前景

通过对沥青路面再生技术及设备的研究,提出我国沥青路面再生设备的发展前景———发展连续式再生设备,并以兰亭连续式双滚筒再生搅拌设备为载体进行了介绍。     

交通需求管理及其在中国的应用

交通需求管理 ( TDM)是发达国家已经广泛研究、试验和实施的一项旨在解决目前交通问题的有效措施。综合分析了 TDM在几个典型发达国家的应用情况及其经验 ,初步分析了该措施在中国应用的可行性 ,认为目前不能全面引入 TDM措施 ,但需要在大力发展的交通规划与管理中引入 TDM思想 ,并以此作为长远的发展目标     

基于AM二次开发的船舶元件库快速创建方法

为提升船舶各专业元件库的创建效率,提出元件库的二次开发方法。在C#环境下,针对AVEVA Marine(AM)软件进行二次开发。介绍AM元件库创建过程,阐述AM元件库二次开发的相关技术。采取简化重复性建模操作流程和批量导入,实现船舶元件库的快速创建。对AM元件库创建功能与元件库快速创建工具进行对比,验证AM二次开发的可行性与高效性。     

京津冀协同发展下北京区域轨道交通发展研究

面对京津冀区域协同发展的要求,分析和研究世界级城市区域轨道交通发展经验;结合北京市交通圈层和轨道交通系统的层次划分,着重探讨新形势下北京区域轨道交通在优化轨道交通体系层次、满足通勤客流快速出行、优化和拓展城市空间结构、缓解交通拥堵等方面发挥的重要功能;建议北京区域轨道交通系统尽可能采用城际铁路设计标准,组织公交化运营并注重与不同层次轨道交通系统间的资源共享。     

汽车电子控制系统快速开发

车辆动力学仿真软件提供控制算法离线仿真平台,车辆模型、传感器、快速开发系统、零部件和控制系统硬件构成硬件和环试验平行,动力传动系和制动系、测功机及其控制器和控制系统硬件组成测功机硬件在环试验台,而车载开发平台包括样车、数据采集系统、传感器和控制系统硬件。在完成控制原型快速开发的基础上,完成基于目标控制器的控制系统快速开发。实例表明：上述开发流程大大缩短了开发周期。     

君威轿车本土化快速自主开发及其关键技术

泛亚汽车技术中心在多年引进消化国际先进技术基础上,以中高级轿车产品为突破点,集中对市场分析与本土化产品定义、产品平台的再次开发、多品种混线生产与垂直换型、数字化设计与实验分析、产品开发过程的全球协同管珲等5个方而的火键技术进行了研究和开发,形成了完整的中高级轿车本土化快速自主开发平台、技术能力和管理体系,并成功应用到君威系列轿车开发中,使合资企业在自主开发上开拓出新的途径。     

Part II: Policy instruments for sustainable road transport

Without questioning the fact that to achieve efficiency emitters should pay for the true costs of their actions (a core principle of economic policies such as pollution taxes), we find sufficient evidence in the literature to demonstrate that many other policy instruments can be used in combination with taxes and permits to ensure that the transport needs of the present generation can be met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet any needs of their own.The policies and policy aspects considered in this paper broadly fall into three categories: physical policies, soft policies, and knowledge policies. All three aim to bring about changes in consumers’ and firms’ behaviour, but in different ways. The first category includes policies with a physical infrastructure element: public transport, land use, walking and cycling, road construction, and freight transport. We also consider the particular challenges for mobility in developing countries, and how these may be addressed. Soft policies, on the other hand, are non-tangible aiming to bring about behavioural change by informing actors about the consequences of their transport choices, and potentially persuading them to change their behaviour. These measures include car sharing and car pooling, teleworking and teleshopping, eco-driving, as well as general information and advertising campaigns. Finally, knowledge policies emphasise the important role of investment in research and development for a sustainable model of mobility for the future.The main findings can be summarised as follows.

Physical policies

An increase in the use of public transport, combined with a decrease in the use of private cars, can reduce traffic congestion and, more importantly, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, as public transport generally causes lower CO₂ emissions per passenger kilometre than private cars. Public transport fares are subsidised in most places, which can be justified by economies of scale and by the fact that public transport can reduce total road transport externalities. London, Singapore, Portland and Curitiba are all examples of good practice at government level, having achieved reliable, frequent and integrated public transport.Policies to increase public transport use must be part of an integrated policy. Integrated policy refers to integration across different modes of transport, different government objectives (such as the economy, health and the environment), considering the needs of different social groups, and coordinating action between the relevant government institutions. There is evidence that a lack of coordination can jeopardise the achievement of policy objectives.A sustainable model for transport policy also requires integration with land-use policies. These may be somewhat limited within the bounds of existing cities, but as cities grow and new cities are built, urban planners must put more emphasis on land use for sustainable transport in order to reduce congestion and CO₂ emissions. Sustainable land-use policy can direct urban development towards a form that allows public transport as well as walking and cycling to be at the core of urban mobility.Walking and cycling, which improve general health and produce no tailpipe emissions, constitute an excellent alternative to motorised transport on short-distance trips within towns and cities. The policies which can incentivise walking and cycling include crime reduction to make streets safer, well-maintained and clean pavements, attractive street furniture, safe crossings with shorter waiting times, dedicated cycle paths, showers in offices, and lower speed limits, to name but a few.Road construction and expansion used to be seen as one of the most promising ways to reduce traffic congestion. However, in the mid-1990s, the issue was reassessed and it was found that building and expanding roads, increased, rather than decreased, congestion, and ultimately induced higher levels of travel demand. The reason for this is that the extra capacity reduces the general cost of travelling and the less expensive the travel, the more it will be demanded. Regarding freight modal shift, road transport is much more polluting than rail per tonne-km of goods transported and therefore a shift towards greater use of rail in freight transport is desirable. Inadequate infrastructure is the main obstacle preventing this modal shift taking place.Developing countries face great mobility challenges: rural areas are often extremely poorly connected to transport infrastructure, such that, in contrast to the situation in developed countries, the benefits of road construction can strongly outweigh the total costs (including environmental ones). The main challenge, however, is to develop a solution to the problems arising from the combination of urbanisation and motorisation. Integration of transport and land-use policy will be key to rising to this challenge.

Soft policies

Car sharing and car clubs can also potentially reduce CO₂ emissions, although the aggregate reduction in congestion and emissions has not been measured with an adequate degree of precision in the literature. Teleworking and teleshopping can potentially reduce congestion and also CO₂ emissions. However, the evidence for this reduction is rather mixed, as it is unclear whether these measures lead to overall reductions in road transport.Eco-driving campaigns aim to inform and educate drivers in order to induce them to drive in a fuel-efficient and thus environmentally friendly way. There seems to be some consensus in the literature that eco-driving could lead to reductions in CO₂ emissions of around 10 per cent.Information and education policies have often been advocated as instruments which may affect behavioural change. We find in this paper that these types of measures are necessary, but not sufficient for behavioural change. Advertising and marketing may go a long way in changing peoples’ behaviour. In California, for example, Kahn (2007) finds the “Prius” effect: the Toyota Prius is preferred by consumers relative to other similarly green vehicles, probably due to extensive marketing and celebrity endorsements. Family life changes are also found to trigger changes in behaviour ( [Goodwin, 1989] and [106]). People whose lives are being changed by some important development (birth of a child, retirement, etc) tend to respond more to changes in the relative attractiveness of different transport modes. Advertising campaigns promoting a modal shift towards public transport, for instance, may thus be more successful if targeted at people in the process of important life transitions.

Knowledge policies

Research and Development is crucial for developing sustainable and low-carbon transport for the future, and it is essential that governments provide incentives to undertake R&D, so that new low-carbon technologies in the transport sector can be demonstrated and applied at a large scale.Finally, we consider the issue of policy combination and integration. There is evidence that the combination and integration of policies can lead to positive side-effects and synergies. Policy integration is crucial in order to rise to the challenges we face in moving towards a sustainable mobility model. We conclude that classical economic policies may be successfully combined with a number of policy measures discussed in this paper in order to achieve sustainability in transport.     

后危机时代南通船舶产业发展战略研究

文章分析了在金融危机对我国船舶工业带来巨大冲击的背景下,作为南通市支柱产业的船舶工业的发展现状.重点论述了后危机时代,南通船舶工业保持和提高竞争力,持续发展的具体对策.     

坚定信心,应对挑战,大力强化船舶科技自主创新

就船舶工业目前面临的形势,论述了加快科技发展、加强自主创新来应对挑战的战略思路,提出了实现可持续发展的根本举措,强调落实开创自主创新新局面的几项重要工作。     

着力新船型开发 创新做强船舶工业

回顾了我国船舶工业20年来的发展历程,介绍了近年来我国在船舶设计水平和船型开发优化方面取得的喜人成绩。但与造船业发达国家或地区相比,我国船舶设计、船型研发方面仍有不小差距。针对这些差距,提出了加快3大主流船型的优化和换代开发、高新技术船舶和海洋工程装备开发的发展思路和提高我国船舶设计水平的措施和建议。