盾构法和浅埋暗挖法结合建造地铁车站模型试验的方案设计

以北京地铁通用乙级车站为例,为了对盾构法和浅埋暗挖法结合建造塔柱式地铁车站施工过程进行模型试验,设计模型试验方案。方案为:采用的几何比为1∶10,材料容重比为1∶1;模拟对象为由每侧3个塔柱和2个横通道组成的隧道,模型尺寸为6.5 m×1.8 m×2.88 m,采用清华大学三维地质力学模型试验台架;模型介质材料分别模拟地表杂填土层,粉质黏土、粉土、粉细砂互层和车站隧道底部的卵石圆砾层;在模型内部适当位置布设量测仪器,进行车站隧道周围土体位移、盾构管片收敛变形和切向应变、立柱支撑和预应力钢筋上的应变等的量测;模型采用容重控制法制作,总重约60 t;开挖过程和支护系统按照实际施工过程进行详细模拟。采用设计的模型试验方案进行施工,能够保证车站洞室在整个施工过程中的安全和稳定。     

谈高速铁路黄土隧道CRD法施工中的几个问题

为了研究长段落大断面黄土隧道CRD法开挖安全问题,依托郑州至西安高速铁路工程实例,开展地表及初期支护沉降量测,临时支护内力及拆除临时支护过程的沉降、内力变化测试分析。研究结果表明:CRD法能保证大断面黄土隧道的开挖安全;砂质黄土浅埋段地表沉降值多在20cm以上;临时竖撑横向摆幅达9.8cm;逐榀拆除临时支护时拱部下沉2mm,拆除范围大于1倍隧道开挖宽度时,拱部下沉增长显著,达到拆除前下沉量的40%。研究结论:设计中应加强临时横竖撑刚度;相比三台阶法,CRD法不利于仰拱尽快封闭而控制最终沉降,地表沉降控制效果不明显;控制拆撑长度。     

客运专线铁路大断面隧道断层涌水、涌泥处治技术研究

某山区客运专线铁路隧道施工中遇到韧性剪切带夹泥化夹层,岩体软弱破碎,泥化夹层呈软塑状,地下水丰富,造成掌子面涌水、涌泥,危及施工安全。为有效加固软弱泥化夹层段落,保证隧道安全、稳定、快速的施工通过,结合施工期间的涌水、涌泥概况及成因分析,对超前帷幕注浆和周边水平旋喷桩进行比较后,最终采用了"正面封堵、高位截排"的综合处理原则,即掌子面采用超前帷幕注浆加固,并通过分析法、检查孔法对注浆加固进行效果检验,同时在线路一侧设置一处高位泄水洞引排水。采取以上处理方案后,可以满足该段落安全稳定的开挖要求,取得了较好效果。     

大跨度铁路悬索桥结构刚度敏感性研究

桥梁刚度参数的确定在大跨度桥梁总体设计中非常重要,结合某大跨度铁路专用悬索桥方案,从结构动力特性、车辆走行性和风致抖振响应3个方面,分析梁、塔、索等构件刚度对桥梁性能的影响,并对大跨度铁路悬索桥刚度评价指标进行研究,结果表明:桁宽的增大能够较显著地增大桥梁横弯基频,桁宽过小时桥梁会产生横向周期性振动,宽跨比限值建议取为1/20~1/35;随着桁高减小,车辆竖向加速度显著增加,高跨比限值建议取为1/70~1/100;主缆刚度增大会使桥梁扭转和竖向基频明显提高;桥塔刚度及恒载的影响有限。     

大断面公路隧道洞口段穿越堆积体设计

湄渝高速公路中仙至坂面段的珠峰隧道洞口地段需下穿堆积体,施工过程中存在较大风险,针对该隧道开挖断面大(163m2)、洞口埋深浅、围岩条件差、地下水较为发育的特点以及存在的问题,提出地表注浆、超前管棚支护、接长明洞、加强洞内支护,双侧壁导坑法短进尺开挖等多项综合处理措施,并利用数值模拟验证了设计方案的可行性。验算结果表明,设计方案能够满足边坡及隧道的安全性要求,对控制土体变形,减小沉降具有明显的效果,可达到预期的设计目的。     

铁路大型站房结构体系对工程投资的影响研究

针对铁路大型站房的建筑特点及其结构体系的复杂性和多样性,在基于大量站房结构体系的类型及工程造价的基础上,采用主成分分析法和区间统计分析法,分析研究结构体系对工程投资影响的敏感因素,并重点分析抗震设防烈度、结构体系类型对工程投资的影响程度。数据表明：站房高架屋盖采用钢网架,高架层楼盖和轨道层采用预应力混凝土框架结构比较经济。另外站房高架屋盖最大柱距大于80 m或高架层楼盖柱距大于30 m时,其结构体系类型具有趋同趋势,高架屋盖最大柱距大于80 m时,采用钢网架结构具有较好的性价比;高架层楼盖柱距大于30 m时,采用钢结构对控制高架层标高十分有利。     

浅谈智能照明控制系统在铁路大型客站的应用

介绍铁路大型客站智能照明控制系统的设计,从照明控制的系统结构、设计及系统软件等方面,介绍了智能照明控制系统的功能及实现方式,探讨了智能照明控制系统在铁路大型客站中的适用范围和发展前景     

大临工程设置与投资控制合理性分析

投资控制是每个建设项目最重要的内容之一。搞好工程项目投资控制,要做到全方位、全过程、有重点的控制,虽然大临工程的投资只占项目总投资的1%～3%,但它的设置是否合理却将对整个项目能否如期完成起到重要作用。此文结合铁路建设项目实际,从3个方面介绍了不同地形、不同地质条件下如何合理设置大临工程施工场地,以达到既满足工程需要又节省投资的目的,为大临工程设计者提供参考。     

Assessment of the effects of highway geometric design features on the frequency of truck involved crashes using bivariate regression

Given the enormous losses to society resulting from large truck involved crashes, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of highway geometric design features on the frequency of truck involved crashes is needed. To better predict the occurrence probabilities of large truck involved crashes and gain direction for policies and countermeasures aimed at reducing the crash frequencies, it is essential to examine truck involved crashes categorized by collision vehicle types, since passenger cars and large trucks differ in dimensions, size, weight, and operating characteristics. A data set that includes a total of 1310 highway segments with 1787 truck involved crashes for a 4-year period, from 2004 to 2007 in Tennessee is employed to examine the effects that geometric design features and other relevant attributes have on the crash frequency. Since truck involved crash counts have many zeros (often 60–90% of all values) with small sample means and two established categories, car-truck and truck-only crashes, are not independent in nature, the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) models are developed under the bivariate regression framework to simultaneously address the above mentioned issues. In addition, the bivariate negative binomial (BNB) and two individual univariate ZINB models are estimated for model validation. Goodness of fit of the investigated models is evaluated using AIC, SBC statistics, the number of identified significant variables, and graphs of observed versus expected crash frequencies. The bivariate ZINB (BZINB) models have been found to have desirable distributional property to describe the relationship between the large truck involved crashes and geometric design features in terms of better goodness of fit, more precise parameter estimates, more identified significant factors, and improved predictive accuracy. The results of BZINB models indicate that the following factors are significantly related to the likelihood of truck involved crash occurrences: large truck annual average daily traffic (AADT), segment length, degree of horizontal curvature, terrain type, land use, median type, lane width, right side shoulder width, lighting condition, rutting depth (RD), and posted speed limits. Apart from that, passenger car AADT, lane number, and indicator for different speed limits are found to have statistical significant effects on the occurrences of car-truck crashes and international roughness index (IRI) is significant for the predictions of truck-only crashes.     

大位移整体顶升法抬高简支梁桥施工工艺

由于受地理环境和水利建设限制，京珠高速公路广珠北段官桥服务区A匝道桥下净空不足，影响下穿莲花大道建设。经多方案反复比较，调整A匝道桥路线纵坡，采用大位移整体顶升法抬高上部构造，以满足桥下净高不小于5m的要求。